# Estreux

> commune in Nord, France

**Wikidata**: [Q637509](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637509)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estreux)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/estreux

## Summary
Estreux is a commune located in the Nord department of France, specifically within the canton of Valenciennes-Est and the arrondissement of Valenciennes. It is a territorial subdivision of the French Republic and has been recognized with the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 military decoration.

## Key Facts
- **Classification**: Commune of France (inception: 1789).
- **Location**: Nord department (inception: March 4, 1790), Hauts-de-France region.
- **Administrative Divisions**: Canton of Valenciennes-Est; Arrondissement of Valenciennes.
- **Country**: France (inception events include Treaty of Verdun in 843 and First French Empire in 1804).
- **Coordinates**: 50.350833333333, 3.5941666666667.
- **Population Data**: Recorded figures include 973, 954, 966, 956, 957, 959, 960, 952, 945, and 937.
- **Award**: Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (inception: April 2, 1915).
- **Image**: Mairie (Town Hall) photographed by Havang(nl), licensed under CC0 (public domain).
- **Sitelink Count**: 41.

## FAQs
**Where is Estreux located?**
Estreux is situated in the Nord department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. It falls under the canton of Valenciennes-Est and the arrondissement of Valenciennes.

**What type of administrative entity is Estreux?**
Estreux is a commune, which is a territorial subdivision for municipalities in France. This form of administrative division was established in 1789.

**Has Estreux received any notable recognition?**
Yes, the commune was awarded the Croix de guerre 1914–1918, a French military decoration that was instituted on April 2, 1915.

**What country does Estreux belong to?**
Estreux is part of France, a semi-presidential republic and unitary state located primarily in Western Europe.

**What are the geographic coordinates of Estreux?**
The precise coordinates for Estreux are 50.350833333333 latitude and 3.5941666666667 longitude.

## Why It Matters
Estreux matters as a local administrative unit within the French state, contributing to the governance and organization of the Nord department. Its receipt of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 signifies its historical significance and resilience during the First World War. As part of the French Republic, the commune operates within a nation that holds pivotal global power as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and a founding member of the European Union, thereby linking the locality to broader international political and economic systems.

## Notable For
- **Military Honor**: Recipient of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918.
- **Administrative Heritage**: Part of the Nord department, which was established on March 4, 1790.
- **Subnational Status**: Classified as a commune, the basic level of administrative division in France.

## Body

### Geography and Territory
Estreux is a commune situated in the Nord department of France. It is administratively part of the canton of Valenciennes-Est and the arrondissement of Valenciennes. The geographic coordinates of the commune are 50.350833333333 latitude and 3.5941666666667 longitude.

As part of France, Estreux is located within a country that encompasses a total area of 643,801 square kilometres. Metropolitan France, where Estreux is located, shares borders with Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Spain, and Andorra. The broader national territory includes overseas territories in the Americas (e.g., French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique), Africa (e.g., Mayotte, Réunion), Oceania (e.g., New Caledonia, French Polynesia), and Antarctica (Adélie Land). The highest point in the country is Mont Blanc (4,808.72 meters), and the lowest is Étang de Lavalduc (-10 meters).

### Government and Politics
Estreux functions as a commune, a type of territorial subdivision for municipalities in France that originated in 1789. It operates under the jurisdiction of the French Republic, a unitary semi-presidential republic with a decentralized administration. The current French constitution was established on October 4, 1958, founding the Fifth Republic.

The executive branch of the national government includes the President of the Republic, Emmanuel Macron, and the Prime Minister, Sébastien Lecornu. The legislative branch is bicameral, consisting of the National Assembly and the Senate. France is divided into 18 administrative regions, including the Hauts-de-France region where Estreux is located.

### Demographics and Society
Population figures for Estreux have been recorded at various points, including 973, 954, 966, 956, 957, 959, 960, 952, 945, and 937.

Within the broader context of France, the national population is estimated at 68,605,616 as of January 1, 2025. The society is highly urbanized, with a life expectancy at birth of 82 years (2022). The official language is French, though regional languages such as Basque, Occitan, Catalan, Breton, and Alsatian are also recognized. The age of majority is 18, and compulsory education is required for children between the ages of 6 and 16.

### Economy and Finance
As a commune in France, Estreux utilizes the Euro (€) as its currency, which replaced the French franc in 1999. The national economy has a nominal GDP of $2.78 trillion USD (2022) and a government budget of €455.2 billion (2023). Standard VAT rates in France include 20% (standard), 10% and 5.5% (reduced), and 2.1% for medication. The median income in the country is approximately $30,364 USD.

### Infrastructure and Standards
Estreux observes Central European Time (UTC+01:00) and Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00), consistent with metropolitan France. The country drives on the right-hand side of the road, with speed limits generally set at 130 km/h on highways, 110 km/h on dual carriageways, 90 km/h on other roads, and 50 km/h in built-up areas.

The electrical grid operates at 230 volts and 50 Hz using Europlug and Type E plugs. The international calling code is +33, and the top-level internet domain is .fr. The ISO codes for the country are FR (Alpha-2), FRA (Alpha-3), and 250 (Numeric).

### Symbols and Culture
The national flag of France is the tricolore (blue, white, red), and the motto is "Liberté, égalité, fraternité" (Liberty, equality, fraternity). The national anthem is "La Marseillaise." Public holidays celebrated in Estreux include New Year's Day, Easter Monday, International Workers' Day (May 1), Victory in Europe Day (May 8), Bastille Day (July 14), Assumption of Mary (August 15), All Saints' Day (November 1), Armistice Day (November 11), and Christmas (December 25).

### International Relations and History
Estreux is part of France, a founding member of the European Union (March 25, 1957) and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (since October 24, 1945). France is also a member of NATO (since April 4, 1949), the G7, the G20, the World Trade Organization, the Schengen Area, and the Council of Europe. The country possesses nuclear weapons, a status attained in 1960.

The commune itself has been awarded the Croix de guerre 1914–1918, a military decoration created on April 2, 1915. Historically, the French state traces its origins to the Treaty of Verdun in 843, which established West Francia, and the proclamation of the First French Empire in 1804.

## References

1. Source
2. Virtual International Authority File
3. BnF authorities
4. dataset of postal codes in France. 2018
5. INSEE code
6. répertoire géographique des communes
7. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
8. Annuaire de service-public.fr
9. Recensement de la population 2015. National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 2017
10. Populations légales 2016
11. Populations légales 2017
12. Populations légales 2018
13. Populations légales 2019
14. Populations légales 2020
15. Populations légales 2021
16. Populations de référence 2022
17. Populations de référence 2023
18. [Code officiel géographique](https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/3363419)
19. National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies
20. GeoNames
21. [répertoire géographique des communes. 2015](https://wxs-telechargement.ign.fr/83edtfdyqte031y0ra49d2e3/telechargement/inspire/RGC-2015-01$RGC2015/file/RGC2015.7z)
22. [2016](https://data.geopf.fr/telechargement/download/GEOFLA/GEOFLA_2-2_COMMUNE_SHP_LAMB93_FXX_2016-06-28/GEOFLA_2-2_COMMUNE_SHP_LAMB93_FXX_2016-06-28.7z)
23. [Code officiel géographique. 2020](https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/8442dfae-a878-49c6-be4c-20689b1c337c)
24. [Code officiel géographique. 2017](https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/2560698)
25. National Library of Israel Names and Subjects Authority File