# Estimation of PWM-Induced Iron Loss in IPM Machines Incorporating the Impact of Flux Ripple Waveshape and Nonlinear Magnetic Characteristics

> Research article (IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019) · cited 46× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2997815840](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2997815840)  
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