# Enhancing PID control robustness in CSTRs: a hybrid approach to tuning under external disturbances with GA, PSO, and machine learning

> Research article (Neural Computing and Applications, 2025) · cited 11× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4408962553](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4408962553)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/enhancing-pid-control-robustness-in-cstrs-a-hybrid-approach-to-tuning-under-external-disturbances-with-ga-pso-and-machin