# Electro-Motive Diesel

> American locomotive manufacturer

**Wikidata**: [Q568501](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568501)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-Motive_Diesel)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/electro-motive-diesel

## Summary
Electro-Motive Diesel (commonly EMD, Electro Motive Diesel, Electro-Motive Division, or EMD locomotives) is an American locomotive manufacturer founded in 1922. It is the builder of numerous diesel and diesel‑electric locomotive models and related engines, and it contains the subsidiary Progress Rail Services.

## Key Facts
- Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) is an American locomotive manufacturer (Wikidata description: "American locomotive manufacturer").
- Inception/founding year: 1922 (+1922-00-00T00:00:00Z).
- Aliases: Electro Motive Diesel; EMD locomotives; Electro-Motive Division; EMD.
- Wikipedia title: Electro-Motive Diesel.
- Wikidata sitelink_count for the company: 23.
- EMD contains the subsidiary Progress Rail Services, an American railroad products company (Progress Rail inception: +1982-00-00T00:00:00Z; country: Q30; headquarters: ; industry: ; sitelink_count: 5).
- Engines associated with EMD include the EMD 567 (two-stroke diesel engine of 567 cu.in. per cylinder; sitelink_count: 8).
- EMD also developed the EMD 645 engine series (two-stroke diesel engine of 645 cu.in. per cylinder; sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD 710 is another two-stroke diesel engine in the EMD family (710 cu.in. per cylinder; sitelink_count: 5).
- Models owned / operated by EMD (as listed): EMD GP20 (2000 hp American diesel locomotive; sitelink_count: 5) and EMD GP60 (380 American 3800 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives; sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP7 — model of 1500 hp North American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 12).
- EMD GP50 — model of 278 American 3500 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD E-unit — series of American twin-engine passenger diesel locomotive models (sitelink_count: 8).
- EMD SD7 — model of 1500 hp Co′Co′ American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 9).
- EMD SW1500 — model of 1500 hp American diesel switching locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- Pioneer Zephyr — American train related to EMD (sitelink_count: 12).
- EMD SD40 — model of North American 3000 hp Co′Co′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 13).
- EMD GP40 — model of 1221 North American 3000 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD DD35A — model of American Do′Do′ diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SD35 — model of 2500 hp Co′Co′ American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- HŽ series 2043 — class of Croatian diesel-electric locomotives related to EMD designs (country: ; sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SD38-2 — North American class of diesel-electric locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- British Rail Class 66 — class of Co′Co′ diesel-electric locomotives related to EMD designs (country: ; sitelink_count: 6).
- DSB Class MZ — class of 61 Danish diesel-electric locomotives related to EMD designs (country: Q35; sitelink_count: 11).
- EMD F2 — model of 1350 hp American diesel cab locomotive; 74 A units and 30 B units sold (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD SD38 — model of 53 American 2000 hp Co′Co′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 8).
- EMC E1 — model of 1800 hp American passenger cab diesel locomotive (country: Q30; sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD G22CU — locomotive class related to EMD (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SD28 — model of 1800 hp Co′Co′ American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SD90MAC — model of American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD DDA40X — model of 47 American 6600 hp Do′Do′ diesel-electric locomotives (country: Q30; sitelink_count: 17).
- EMC E3 — model of 2000 hp American passenger cab diesel locomotive (country: Q30; sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SD70 series — series of diesel-electric locomotives built by EMD (sitelink_count: 9).
- EMD G16 — American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD SD39 — model of diesel-electric locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD E8 — model of 2250 hp American passenger cab locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD G8 — model of 875 hp American export diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD GP15-1 — model of 310 American 1500 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP39-2 — model of 239 American 2300 hp diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP40-2 — class of 1143 North American 3000 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD SDP35 — model of 2500 hp Co′Co′ American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SD40T-2 — model of North American 3000 hp Co′Co′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SW8 — model of 800 hp North American diesel switcher (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD 567 — two-stroke diesel engine of 567 cu.in. per cylinder (sitelink_count: 8).
- EMD G12 — locomotive class (sitelink_count: 11).
- EMD GT22HW-2 — locomotive class (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD GP38 — model of 706 North American 2000 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 9).
- Union Pacific M-10000 — streamlined trainset related to EMD (sitelink_count: 8).
- EMD AEM-7 — locomotive class (sitelink_count: 13).
- China Railway HXN3 — locomotive class related to EMD designs (country: ; sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD GP35 — model of 2500 hp American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 8).
- EMD FP7 — model of 1500 hp North American diesel cab locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD E5 — model of 2000 hp American passenger cab diesel locomotive (country: Q30; sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD F59PH — model of locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD GP39 — model of 23 American 2300 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP38AC — class of 261 North American 2000 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD MP15DC — model of 1500 hp American diesel switcher (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD E6 — model of 2000 hp American passenger cab diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD 645 — two-stroke diesel engine of 645 cu.in. per cylinder (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD GP9 — model of 1750 hp North American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 11).
- NOHAB AA16 — related locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD DDM45 — meter-gauge diesel–electric locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- British Rail Class 67 — class of 30 Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives related to EMD (country: ; sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD F40PH — locomotive class (sitelink_count: 12).
- EMD GP20 — model of 2000 hp American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP30 — model of American 2250 hp diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD GT46PAC — passenger-hauling diesel-electric locomotive with AC electric transmission (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD SD18 — model of 1800 hp Co′Co′ American diesel locomotives (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD SD45-2 — model of 136 American 3600 hp Co′Co′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD F3 — model of 1500 hp American diesel cab locomotive (sitelink_count: 9).
- EMD FT — model of 1350 hp American cab locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD SD40-2 — model of North American 3000 hp Co′Co′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 12).
- TCDD DE22000 — class of 86 Turkish diesel locomotives (EMD G26CW-2) related to EMD (country: Q43; sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD 710 — two-stroke diesel engine of 710 cu.in. per cylinder (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD E7 — model of 2000 hp American passenger cab diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP28 — model of 1800 hp American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP40X — locomotive class (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD SDP40F — class of 150 American diesel locomotives built for Amtrak (country: Q30; sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD F-unit — series of American cab diesel locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP38-2 — model of 2213 North American 2000 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 9).
- EMD F9 — model of 1750 hp North American diesel cab locomotive (sitelink_count: 9).
- EMD SD45 — diesel-electric locomotive (sitelink_count: 9).
- EMC E4 — model of 2000 hp American passenger cab diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD GP60 — model of 380 American 3800 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SW1504 — model of 1500 hp North American diesel switcher (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SW9 — model of 1200 hp North American diesel switcher (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD G26 — model of diesel-electric locomotive with 16-cylinder EMD 645 engines (sitelink_count: 6).

## FAQs
Q: What is Electro-Motive Diesel?
A: Electro-Motive Diesel is an American locomotive manufacturer founded in 1922 that designs and produces a wide range of diesel and diesel‑electric locomotives and related engines. It is known by aliases including EMD, Electro Motive Diesel, and Electro‑Motive Division.

Q: When was EMD founded?
A: The company’s inception date is recorded as 1922 (+1922-00-00T00:00:00Z).

Q: What kinds of products does EMD make?
A: EMD produces locomotive models (road and switcher units) and diesel engines; examples include GP-series, SD-series, SW-series locomotives and engines such as the EMD 567, 645, and 710.

Q: Which engine series are associated with EMD?
A: EMD engine families mentioned are the two‑stroke EMD 567 (567 cu.in. per cylinder), EMD 645 (645 cu.in. per cylinder), and EMD 710 (710 cu.in. per cylinder).

Q: Does EMD have subsidiaries?
A: Yes. The provided material lists Progress Rail Services as a subsidiary/contained company; Progress Rail is an American railroad products company (inception 1982; country Q30; headquarters ; industry ).

Q: What are some notable EMD locomotive models?
A: Notable models listed include GP7, GP9, GP38/GP38-2, GP40/GP40-2, SD40/SD40-2, SD45/SD45-2, SD70 series, F-unit and E-unit series, DDA40X, and many others with specific horsepower and production counts given in the source.

Q: Where has EMD technology been used internationally?
A: EMD-related designs and equipment are connected to classes and railways in other countries, including British Rail Class 66 and Class 67 (country ), DSB Class MZ (country Q35), China Railway HXN3 (country ), HŽ series 2043 (country ), and TCDD DE22000 (Turkey, country Q43).

Q: How can I find more information about specific EMD models?
A: The source lists many models with sitelink_count values for each (indicating available cross-links). Use the model name (for example, "EMD SD40") as a search term to access detailed entries referenced by those sitelink counts.

## Why It Matters
Electro-Motive Diesel matters because it is the named manufacturer behind a very large, diverse catalog of diesel and diesel‑electric locomotive models and engines used in North America and internationally. The breadth of models listed — from small switchers (SW series) to heavy road locomotives (SD, GP series), twin‑engine passenger units (E-unit series), and very high‑power experimental/models such as the DDA40X — shows EMD’s role in supplying motive power across many operational roles. The EMD engine families (567, 645, 710) supplied standardized, high-displacement two‑stroke diesel powerplants that were installed in many locomotive classes, enabling interoperability and rebuild programs. EMD’s association with a subsidiary that supplies railroad products (Progress Rail Services) indicates vertical integration into railroad equipment and services. The presence of many international classes related to EMD designs demonstrates its global influence on diesel traction technology and on the rolling stock fleets of multiple countries.

## Notable For
- Producing foundational diesel locomotive families including GP, SD, and SW series with explicit horsepower ratings (e.g., GP7 1500 hp; SD40 3000 hp).
- Developing the two‑stroke locomotive engine families EMD 567, 645, and 710 (each described by cubic inches per cylinder).
- Supplying passenger locomotive series such as the E-unit and F-unit families (E-unit: twin‑engine passenger models; F-unit: series of American cab diesel locomotives).
- Building high‑power and large production models including the DDA40X (47 units; 6600 hp Do′Do′) and the SD70 series.
- Having locomotives and designs tied to many international classes (e.g., British Rail Class 66, China Railway HXN3, TCDD DE22000), demonstrating worldwide application of EMD technology.
- Maintaining a corporate relationship with Progress Rail Services, an American railroad products company (inception 1982).

## Body

### Overview
- Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) is recorded as an American locomotive manufacturer founded in 1922.
- Common names and aliases are Electro Motive Diesel, EMD locomotives, Electro‑Motive Division, and EMD.
- The company entry has a sitelink_count of 23 and is titled "Electro‑Motive Diesel" on Wikipedia.

### Corporate and Subsidiary Structure
- Progress Rail Services is listed under "Contains / Subsidiaries" for EMD. Progress Rail Services is described as an American railroad products company with inception +1982-00-00T00:00:00Z. Its country is Q30, headquarters is , and industry is . Progress Rail has sitelink_count: 5.

### Engine Families
- EMD 567: Described as a two‑stroke diesel engine of 567 cubic inches per cylinder (sitelink_count: 8).
- EMD 645: Described as a two‑stroke diesel engine of 645 cubic inches per cylinder (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD 710: Described as a two‑stroke diesel engine of 710 cubic inches per cylinder (sitelink_count: 5).
- The G26 model is noted as a diesel-electric locomotive that uses 16‑cylinder EMD 645 engines (sitelink_count: 6).

### Product families and model list (as provided)
The following locomotive models, classes and related rolling stock are connected to EMD per the provided material. Each entry repeats the model name and the description given in the source:

- EMD GP7 — model of 1500 hp North American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 12).
- EMD GP50 — model of 278 American 3500 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD E-unit — series of American twin-engine passenger diesel locomotive models (sitelink_count: 8).
- EMD SD7 — model of 1500 hp Co′Co′ American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 9).
- EMD SW1500 — model of 1500 hp American diesel switching locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- Pioneer Zephyr — American train related to EMD (sitelink_count: 12).
- EMD SD40 — model of North American 3000 hp Co′Co′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 13).
- EMD GP40 — model of 1221 North American 3000 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD DD35A — model of American Do′Do′ diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SD35 — model of 2500 hp Co′Co′ American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- HŽ series 2043 — class of Croatian diesel-electric locomotives (country: ; sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SD38-2 — North American class of diesel-electric locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- British Rail Class 66 — class of Co′Co′ diesel-electric locomotives (country: ; sitelink_count: 6).
- DSB Class MZ — class of 61 Danish diesel-electric locomotives (country: Q35; sitelink_count: 11).
- EMD F2 — model of 1350 hp American diesel cab locomotive; 74 A units and 30 B units sold (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD SD38 — model of 53 American 2000 hp Co′Co′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 8).
- EMC E1 — model of 1800 hp American passenger cab diesel locomotive (country: Q30; sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD G22CU — (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SD28 — model of 1800 hp Co′Co′ American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SD90MAC — model of American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD DDA40X — model of 47 American 6600 hp Do′Do′ diesel-electric locomotives (country: Q30; sitelink_count: 17).
- EMC E3 — model of 2000 hp American passenger cab diesel locomotive (country: Q30; sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SD70 series — Series of diesel-electric locomotives built by EMD (sitelink_count: 9).
- EMD G16 — American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD SD39 — Model of diesel-electric locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD E8 — model of 2250 hp American passenger cab locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD G8 — model of 875 hp American export model of diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD GP15-1 — model of 310 American 1500 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP39-2 — model of 239 American 2300 hp diesel-electric locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP40-2 — class of 1143 North American 3000 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD SDP35 — model of 2500 hp Co′Co′ American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SD40T-2 — model of North American 3000 hp Co′Co′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SW8 — model of 800 hp North American diesel switcher (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD 567 — two-stroke diesel engine of 567 cu.in. per cylinder (sitelink_count: 8).
- EMD G12 — locomotive class (sitelink_count: 11).
- EMD GT22HW-2 — locomotive class (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD GP38 — model of 706 North American 2000 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 9).
- Union Pacific M-10000 — Streamlined trainset related to EMD (sitelink_count: 8).
- EMD AEM-7 — locomotive class (sitelink_count: 13).
- China Railway HXN3 — locomotive class (country: ; sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD GP35 — model of 2500 hp American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 8).
- EMD FP7 — model of 1500 hp North American diesel cab locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD E5 — model of 2000 hp American passenger cab diesel locomotive (country: Q30; sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD F59PH — Model of locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD GP39 — model of 23 American 2300 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP38AC — class of 261 North American 2000 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD MP15DC — model of 1500 hp American diesel switcher (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD E6 — model of 2000 hp American passenger cab diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD 645 — two-stroke diesel engine of 645 cu.in. per cylinder (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD GP9 — model of 1750 hp North American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 11).
- NOHAB AA16 — related (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD DDM45 — meter-gauge diesel–electric locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- British Rail Class 67 — class of 30 Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (country: ; sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD F40PH — locomotive class (sitelink_count: 12).
- EMD GP20 — model of 2000 hp American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP30 — American 2250 hp diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD GT46PAC — passenger-hauling diesel-electric locomotive with AC electric transmission (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD SD18 — model of 1800 hp Co′Co′ American diesel locomotives (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD SD45-2 — model of 136 American 3600 hp Co′Co′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD F3 — model of 1500 hp American diesel cab locomotive (sitelink_count: 9).
- EMD FT — model of 1350 hp American cab locomotive (sitelink_count: 7).
- EMD SD40-2 — model of North American 3000 hp Co′Co′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 12).
- TCDD DE22000 — class of 86 Turkish diesel locomotives (EMD G26CW-2) related to EMD (country: Q43; sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD 710 — two-stoke diesel engine of 710 cu.in. per cylinder (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD E7 — model of 2000 hp American passenger cab diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP28 — model of 1800 hp American diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP40X — locomotive class (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD SDP40F — class of 150 American diesel locomotives built for Amtrak (country: Q30; sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD F-unit — series of American cab diesel locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD GP38-2 — model of 2213 North American 2000 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 9).
- EMD F9 — model of 1750 hp North American diesel cab locomotive (sitelink_count: 9).
- EMD SD45 — diesel-electric locomotive (sitelink_count: 9).
- EMC E4 — model of 2000 hp American passenger cab diesel locomotive (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD GP60 — model of 380 American 3800 hp Bo′Bo′ diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SW1504 — model of 1500 hp North American diesel switcher (sitelink_count: 5).
- EMD SW9 — model of 1200 hp North American diesel switcher (sitelink_count: 6).
- EMD G26 — model of diesel-electric locomotive with 16-cylinder EMD 645 engines (sitelink_count: 6).

### International and Exported Models
- Several classes outside the United States are connected to EMD designs or engines, as indicated by the country tags in the source: China Railway HXN3, HŽ series 2043, TCDD DE22000, British Rail Class 66 and Class 67, and DSB Class MZ. These entries show EMD’s design influence or direct relation to locomotives used internationally.

### Passenger and Streamlined Trains
- Passenger-focused models associated with EMD include the E-unit series and multiple EMC/EMD E-series entries: EMC E1, EMC E3, EMC E4, EMD E5, E6, E7, E8. The Pioneer Zephyr and Union Pacific M‑10000 are listed as related American streamlined trainsets.

### Switchers and Road Switchers
- Switcher models listed include the SW8, SW9, SW1500, SW1504, MP15DC and other switcher designs with horsepower and role descriptions provided.

### High‑production and Notable Counts
- Production and unit counts specified in the source include:
  - EMD GP40: 1221 units (sitelink_count: 6).
  - EMD GP38-2: 2213 units (sitelink_count: 9).
  - EMD GP38: 706 units (sitelink_count: 9).
  - EMD GP15-1: 310 units (sitelink_count: 5).
  - EMD GP39-2: 239 units (sitelink_count: 5).
  - EMD DD35A: production count unspecified beyond model listing (sitelink_count: 5).
  - EMD DDA40X: 47 units (sitelink_count: 17).
  - TCDD DE22000: class of 86 Turkish diesel locomotives (sitelink_count: 5).
  - DSB Class MZ: class of 61 Danish diesel-electric locomotives (sitelink_count: 11).
  - EMD SD45-2: 136 units (sitelink_count: 5).
  - EMD F2: 74 A units and 30 B units sold (sitelink_count: 7).
  - EMD SDP40F: class of 150 American diesel locomotives built for Amtrak (sitelink_count: 6).

### Series and Families
- SD-series (e.g., SD7, SD18, SD28, SD35, SD38, SD39, SD40, SD40-2, SD45, SD45-2, SD70 series, SD90MAC) reflects a family of Co′Co′ road freight/diesel-electric designs.
- GP-series (e.g., GP7, GP9, GP20, GP30, GP35, GP38, GP38-2, GP40, GP40-2, GP60) represents Bo′Bo′ road and road-switcher designs with a range of horsepower specifications.
- F-unit and E-unit series represent cab units and passenger-oriented designs produced in multiple E/EMC iterations (E1/E3/E4/E5/E6/E7/E8).
- F-unit family entries include F3, F9, F40PH as examples of cab units and locomotive classes derived from that lineage.

### References and Cross-links
- Each model and engine listed in this entry has an associated sitelink_count in the provided material; those counts indicate the availability of further cross-linked information in referenced datasets.

(End of entry — all facts and relationships included above are taken from and limited to the provided source material.)

## References

1. [Source](https://hubcityrrmuseum.org/sites/hubcityrrmuseum.org/files/newsletters/CRHA%20Carolina%20Conductor%202021-08.pdf)
2. [Source](https://utahrails.net/loconotes/emd-history.php)
3. [Source](https://time.com/archive/6799306/railroads-the-aerotrain/)
4. Virtual International Authority File
5. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
6. Quora