# Efficient Calculation of PWM AC Losses in Hairpin Windings for Synchronous BPM Machines

> Research article (2021 IEEE International Electric Machines &amp; Drives Conference (IEMDC), 2021) · cited 11× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3167663483](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3167663483)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/efficient-calculation-of-pwm-ac-losses-in-hairpin-windings-for-synchronous-bpm-machines
