# Efficiency and economies of scale and specialization in European universities: A directional distance approach

> Research article (Journal of Informetrics, 2015) · cited 62× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2050040491](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2050040491)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/efficiency-and-economies-of-scale-and-specialization-in-european-universities-a-directional-distance-approach