# Édouard Stephan

> French astronomer (1837–1923)

**Wikidata**: [Q274349](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274349)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Édouard_Stephan)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/edouard-stephan

## Summary
Édouard Stephan was a French astronomer (1837–1923) who trained at the École Normale Supérieure and was formally recognized by the French state with ranks in the Legion of Honour. He is recorded in multiple international authority and bibliographic databases and is documented on Wikipedia (sitelink_count: 36).

## Biography
- Born: 1837-08-31
- Died: 1923-12-31
- Nationality: France
- Education: École Normale Supérieure (affiliated)
- Known for: Career as a French astronomer
- Employer(s): (affiliations recorded) École Normale Supérieure; member_of: Q188771
- Field(s): Astronomy (occupation: astronomer)

## Contributions
- The provided source material identifies Édouard Stephan's occupation as an astronomer and records his institutional affiliation with the École Normale Supérieure and a membership relation (member_of: Q188771).  
- The supplied material does not list specific papers, named discoveries, patents, founded organizations, or dated publications by Édouard Stephan. No titles or years of publications or discoveries are present in the provided data.

## FAQs
- Where did Édouard Stephan receive his education?
  - He was educated at the École Normale Supérieure, as recorded in the provided material.
- What was Édouard Stephan's profession?
  - He is recorded as an astronomer (occupation: Q11063) and described as a French astronomer (1837–1923).
- Which honours did Édouard Stephan receive?
  - He received ranks in the French Legion of Honour, recorded as Knight of the Legion of Honour and Officer of the Legion of Honour; a Legion of Honour file reference (P640: LH//2549/39) is included in the data.
- Is Édouard Stephan documented in authority or database identifiers?
  - Yes. Multiple identifiers and database keys are provided in the source material (see Identifiers in the Body).
- Where can I find Édouard Stephan on Wikipedia or Wikidata?
  - The provided material lists a wikipedia_title: "Édouard Stephan", a wikidata_description: "French astronomer (1837–1923)", and a sitelink_count of 36.

## Why They Matter
- The data shows Édouard Stephan was an academically trained astronomer (École Normale Supérieure) who received formal national recognition (Knight and Officer ranks in the Legion of Honour). These facts indicate he was a recognized member of the French scientific community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  
- Multiple international authority identifiers and database entries attached to his record imply sustained bibliographic and archival interest, which supports the conclusion that his life and work were documented across several reference systems.  
- Because the provided material does not include specific scientific discoveries or publications, the precise technical impact on astronomy cannot be reconstructed here. Nonetheless, the combination of formal education, institutional affiliation, state honours, and many authority records collectively mark him as a figure of documented historical relevance within French astronomy.

## Notable For
- French astronomer with lifespan 1837–1923.
- Education and affiliation with École Normale Supérieure.
- Recipient of French national honours: Knight of the Legion of Honour and Officer of the Legion of Honour (Legion file: LH//2549/39).
- Presence across multiple bibliographic and authority databases (numerous identifier properties listed in the Body).
- Recorded Wikipedia title "Édouard Stephan" and a Wikidata description "French astronomer (1837–1923)"; sitelink_count: 36.

## Body

### Identity and Names
- Full name variants and aliases recorded: Édouard Stephan; Edouard Stephan; E. Stephan; É. Stephan; Edouard Jean-Marie Stephan; Édouard Jean Marie Stephan; Edouard Jean Marie Stephan; Édouard Jean-Marie Stephan.
- Preferred name string property: P1559 = Édouard Stephan.
- Wikimedia/Wikidata description: "French astronomer (1837–1923)".

### Vital dates
- Date of birth: P569 = +1837-08-31T00:00:00Z.
- Date of death: P570 = +1923-12-31T00:00:00Z.

### Nationality, Occupation, and Instance
- Instance of: P31 / instance_of = Q5 (human).
- Occupation: P106 / occupation = Q11063 (astronomer).
- Citizenship: P27 / citizenship = Q142 (France).

### Education and Affiliations
- Educated at: P69 / educated_at = Q83259 (École Normale Supérieure).
- Affiliated with / employer-like entry: École Normale Supérieure is listed under "Affiliated with" in the provided material.
- Membership relation: member_of = Q188771 (as provided; no label for Q188771 is given in the source material).

### Awards and Honours
- Awarded ranks in the French Legion of Honour: Knight of the Legion of Honour (listed) and Officer of the Legion of Honour (listed).  
- Additional award identifiers: award_received entries P845?/award_received = Q10855271, Q10855195 (as provided).  
- Legion of Honour file reference: P640 = LH//2549/39.

### Identifiers and External database keys
The provided material lists the following identifier/property values (presented exactly as supplied):
- P18 (image): Édouard Jean-Marie Stephan.jpg
- P213: 0000000354304563
- P214: 30319378
- P227: 117658146
- P268: 13484449b
- P269: 094688877
- P646: /m/02tdd8
- P2383: 115363
- P5462: 1406
- P7131: 12113
- P7902: 117658146
- P8168: Q750988
- P8880: 26484
- P9626: 9134
- P10832: E39PBJbM9k3gR6wMyQ6qrdq84q
- P11152: 350194

(Each of the above corresponds to an external authority or database key as recorded in the provided source material. No additional labels or mappings were included in the source.)

### Documentation and Metadata
- sitelink_count: 36 (number of linked Wikimedia sites recorded).
- wikipedia_title: Édouard Stephan.
- Wikidata description: "French astronomer (1837–1923)".

### Career and Contributions (source-limited)
- The provided dataset identifies Édouard Stephan as an astronomer educated at École Normale Supérieure and honored by the French state.  
- No explicit titles of scientific papers, discovery names, dates of publications, observatory appointments, or named scientific results are present in the supplied material. Consequently, specific descriptions of discoveries, published works, or project leadership cannot be extracted from the given source.

### Legacy and Archival Footprint
- The multiple international identifiers and the Legion of Honour reference indicate a documented archival and recognition footprint.  
- The presence of numerous database keys and a dedicated Wikipedia title suggest continuing reference and retrieval of his biographical record in library and archival systems.

## References

1. Integrated Authority File
2. BnF authorities
3. Léonore database
4. International Standard Name Identifier
5. Virtual International Authority File
6. La France savante
7. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
8. [BnF authorities](http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13484449b)