# Earth Observing-1

> Earth observation satellite

**Wikidata**: [Q765193](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765193)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Observing-1)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/earth-observing-1

## Summary  
Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) is a NASA-operated Earth observation satellite launched on November 21, 2000, to test advanced imaging technologies. It carried innovative sensors like the Hyperion hyperspectral imager and the Advanced Land Imager (ALI), designed to improve land-cover mapping and environmental monitoring. The mission far exceeded its initial one-year plan, operating until 2016.  

## Key Facts  
- **Launch Date**: November 21, 2000  
- **Operator**: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)  
- **Launch Vehicle**: Delta II rocket  
- **COSPAR ID**: 2000-075A  
- **Mission Duration**: 2000–2016 (far exceeding its planned one-year lifespan)  
- **Key Instruments**: Hyperion (hyperspectral sensor), Advanced Land Imager (ALI)  
- **Catalog Number**: 26619  
- **Image**: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Earth_Observing-1.jpg  

## FAQs  
### Q: When was Earth Observing-1 launched?  
A: EO-1 launched on November 21, 2000, aboard a Delta II rocket from Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 2.  

### Q: What was the primary purpose of EO-1?  
A: EO-1 was designed to test advanced Earth-observing instruments, such as the Hyperion hyperspectral sensor and the Advanced Land Imager, to improve land-cover classification and environmental monitoring.  

### Q: How long did the EO-1 mission last?  
A: Initially planned for a one-year mission, EO-1 operated successfully for 16 years, concluding in 2016.  

## Why It Matters  
Earth Observing-1 played a critical role in advancing remote sensing technology by demonstrating the viability of hyperspectral imaging and improved land-imaging systems. Its instruments, such as Hyperion and ALI, provided high-resolution data that enhanced scientists' ability to study ecosystems, track natural disasters, and monitor climate change. The mission’s extended lifespan allowed for long-term data collection, filling gaps between other satellite programs like Landsat. EO-1’s innovations directly informed the design of subsequent Earth-observing missions, ensuring continued global monitoring capabilities.  

## Notable For  
- **First Hyperspectral Sensor in Space**: Hyperion, a 242-band imaging spectrometer, pioneered hyperspectral data collection for Earth science.  
- **Advanced Land Imager (ALI)**: Served as a prototype for the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8, improving spectral and spatial resolution.  
- **Extended Mission**: Operated for 16 years despite a planned one-year lifespan, maximizing scientific return.  
- **Technology Demonstration**: Validated new sensor designs and data-processing techniques for future missions.  

## Body  
### Mission Overview  
Earth Observing-1 was launched on November 21, 2000, as part of NASA’s New Millennium Program, aimed at testing advanced technologies for future Earth-observing satellites. The satellite operated in a near-polar orbit, collecting data synergistically with the Landsat 7 satellite.  

### Instruments  
- **Hyperion**: A hyperspectral sensor capturing 242 spectral bands, enabling detailed material identification and environmental analysis.  
- **Advanced Land Imager (ALI)**: A moderate-resolution imaging system with improved spectral coverage compared to earlier Landsat instruments.  
- **Atmospheric Correction Sensor (AC)**: Supported calibration and atmospheric correction for ALI data.  

### Launch Details  
- **Rocket**: Delta II (launch vehicle)  
- **Site**: Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 2, California  
- **COSPAR ID**: 2000-075A  

### Legacy  
EO-1’s instruments provided critical data for applications such as agricultural monitoring, disaster response, and climate modeling. The mission’s success led to the integration of ALI-derived technology into the Landsat program, ensuring continuity in Earth observation. The extended operation of EO-1 also supported cross-calibration with other satellites, enhancing the consistency of long-term Earth science datasets.

## References

1. Jonathan's Space Report
2. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013