# dinar

> currency of various countries

**Wikidata**: [Q191830](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191830)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinar)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/dinar

## Summary
The dinar is a currency used by various countries, including Algeria, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, North Macedonia, Serbia, Tunisia, and others. It serves as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value, with historical and modern forms issued by central banks or governments. The dinar has been used for centuries and continues to be a key financial instrument in its respective regions.

## Key Facts
- **Currency of Multiple Countries**: Used in Algeria, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, North Macedonia, Serbia, Tunisia, and others.
- **Medium of Exchange**: Serves as a generally accepted medium of exchange for goods and services.
- **Unit of Account**: Functions as a unit of account for pricing goods and services.
- **Store of Value**: Acts as a store of value over time.
- **Historical and Modern Forms**: Includes ancient coins like the gold dinar and modern currencies such as the Serbian dinar and Tunisian dinar.
- **ISO Codes**: Various ISO codes are assigned to different dinar currencies (e.g., RSD for Serbian dinar, TND for Tunisian dinar).
- **Banknotes and Coins**: Denominations vary by country, with banknotes and coins featuring historical figures and cultural symbols.
- **Exchange Rates**: Fluctuates against major currencies like the euro and US dollar.
- **Issuing Authorities**: Issued by central banks or governments, such as the National Bank of Serbia and the Central Bank of Tunisia.
- **Subunits**: Some dinars are subdivided into smaller units, such as the para in the Serbian dinar.
- **Related Entities**: Connected to historical currencies like the Yugoslav dinar and modern currencies like the Macedonian denar.
- **Sitelink Count**: Wikipedia articles exist in multiple languages, indicating widespread documentation.
- **Wikidata ID**: Q172524 for the Serbian dinar, among others.
- **Freebase ID**: /m/02kz6b for the Serbian dinar.
- **Image**: 1000RSD front.jpg for the Serbian dinar.

## FAQs
**What countries use the dinar as their currency?**
The dinar is used in countries such as Algeria, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Tunisia. Each country has its own version of the dinar, with specific denominations and features.

**What is the historical significance of the dinar?**
The dinar has a long history, with ancient forms like the gold dinar used in the Islamic world. Modern dinars, such as the Serbian dinar, were introduced to replace older currencies and stabilize economies.

**How is the dinar structured in terms of denominations and design?**
The dinar is typically subdivided into smaller units, such as the para in the Serbian dinar. Banknotes and coins feature historical figures and cultural symbols, reflecting the country's identity and heritage.

**What is the role of the issuing authority in managing the dinar?**
The issuing authority, such as the National Bank of Serbia or the Central Bank of Tunisia, is responsible for issuing the dinar, maintaining price stability, and overseeing monetary policy. They also manage foreign exchange reserves and supervise the financial system.

**How does the dinar compare to other currencies in its region?**
The dinar is distinct from other Balkan currencies like the Croatian kuna and Bulgarian lev. It is not pegged to the euro but is influenced by EU economic policies due to its country's EU candidacy.

**What challenges has the dinar faced in recent years?**
The dinar has experienced inflation and devaluation pressures, particularly during economic crises like the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The issuing authority has implemented measures to stabilize the currency, including interest rate adjustments.

## Why It Matters
The dinar plays a crucial role in the economies of the countries that use it, facilitating domestic and international trade. Its introduction often symbolizes a country's transition to an independent economic entity, as seen with the Serbian dinar replacing the Yugoslav dinar. The dinar's stability reflects the country's economic health and its integration into global financial markets. As countries pursue EU membership, the dinar's performance remains critical to meeting economic criteria for accession. The dinar's cultural significance lies in its design, which reflects the country's history and heritage, and its issuance and management are seen as assertions of sovereignty.

## Notable For
- **Redenomination**: The Serbian dinar removed five zeros from the Yugoslav dinar in 2006 to combat hyperinflation.
- **Cultural Representation**: Banknotes and coins feature prominent historical figures, such as Nikola Tesla and King Peter I in Serbia, and notable figures in Tunisia.
- **Economic Transition**: The dinar played a key role in Serbia's shift from a socialist to a market economy.
- **ISO Recognition**: The Serbian dinar is assigned the unique ISO 4217 code RSD, distinguishing it from other currencies.
- **Fluctuating Exchange Rates**: The dinar's value reflects the country's economic challenges and growth, including inflation control measures.
- **Historical Continuity**: The dinar has been used for centuries, with ancient forms like the gold dinar and modern currencies like the Serbian dinar and Tunisian dinar.
- **Cultural Significance**: The dinar's design reflects the country's history and heritage, and its issuance and management are seen as assertions of sovereignty.

## Body

### History and Introduction
The dinar has a long history, with ancient forms like the gold dinar used in the Islamic world. Modern dinars, such as the Serbian dinar and Tunisian dinar, were introduced to replace older currencies and stabilize economies. The Serbian dinar was introduced on February 4, 2003, replacing the Yugoslav dinar at a rate of 1 RSD to 1,000,000 YUM. This redenomination aimed to stabilize the economy after hyperinflation in the 1990s. The dinar became the sole legal tender on October 25, 2006, solidifying Serbia's monetary sovereignty post-Yugoslavia. The Tunisian dinar was introduced on November 1, 1958, replacing the French franc.

### Issuance and Management
The issuing authority, such as the National Bank of Serbia or the Central Bank of Tunisia, is responsible for issuing the dinar, maintaining price stability, and overseeing monetary policy. The National Bank of Serbia (NBS) is the sole issuer of the Serbian dinar. Established in 1884, the NBS implements monetary policy, maintains foreign exchange reserves, and ensures financial system stability. The bank has introduced various security features in banknotes to prevent counterfeiting, including holograms and watermarks. The Central Bank of Tunisia (BCT) is the sole issuer of the Tunisian dinar. Established in 1958, the BCT implements monetary policy, maintains foreign exchange reserves, and ensures financial system stability.

### Denominations and Design
The dinar is typically subdivided into smaller units, such as the para in the Serbian dinar. Banknotes and coins feature historical figures and cultural symbols, reflecting the country's identity and heritage. Banknotes range from 10 to 5000 dinars, featuring notable figures such as Nikola Tesla, King Peter I, and Vuk Karadžić in Serbia. Coins are minted in denominations up to 200 dinars, depicting Serbian cultural and historical symbols like the double-headed eagle and medieval monasteries. The design emphasizes national identity and historical heritage. The Tunisian dinar is subdivided into 1000 millimes. Banknotes range from 5 to 100 dinars, featuring notable figures such as Habib Bourguiba and Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Coins are minted in denominations up to 1 dinar, depicting Tunisian cultural and historical symbols like the Carthage Bird and the Tunisian flag.

### Economic Performance
The dinar's value fluctuates against major currencies like the euro and US dollar. Historical exchange rates show volatility, influenced by global economic trends and domestic policies. Serbia's inflation rate, managed by the NBS, has decreased significantly since the 2000s, though challenges like trade deficits persist. Tunisia's inflation rate, managed by the BCT, has been relatively stable, with the country's economy benefiting from its strategic location and diverse industries.

### International Relations
As countries seek EU membership, the dinar's stability is crucial for meeting economic convergence criteria. While not part of the Eurozone, Serbia's economy is increasingly integrated with EU markets, affecting the dinar's exchange rate. The currency is also used in parallel with foreign currencies in some sectors, particularly tourism. Tunisia maintains strong international relations, with diplomatic ties to over 180 countries. The country is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the League of Arab States, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, among others.

### Cultural Significance
The dinar's cultural significance lies in its design, which reflects the country's history and heritage. The Serbian dinar's design reflects the country's history, from medieval kingdoms to modern statehood. The currency's issuance and management are seen as assertions of sovereignty, distinct from the shared Yugoslav dinar of the past. The Tunisian dinar's design reflects the country's rich history, from the ancient city of Carthage to its modern identity as a North African nation. The currency's issuance and management are seen as assertions of national pride and economic stability.

### Challenges and Reforms
The dinar has faced pressures from inflation, trade deficits, and external shocks. The issuing authority has implemented reforms, including inflation targeting and foreign exchange interventions, to stabilize the currency. Ongoing efforts focus on strengthening the banking sector and promoting foreign investment to bolster the dinar's value. The Serbian dinar has experienced inflation and devaluation pressures, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The National Bank has implemented measures to stabilize the currency, including interest rate adjustments. The Tunisian dinar has faced challenges from inflation and devaluation pressures, particularly during economic crises like the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The Central Bank has implemented measures to stabilize the currency, including interest rate adjustments.

### Related Entities
The dinar is connected to other currencies through its country's trade relationships and EU aspirations. It is part of the broader Balkan economic system, interacting with currencies like the euro, Hungarian forint, and Romanian leu. Historically, it succeeded the Yugoslav dinar, which was used across the former Yugoslavia. The Tunisian dinar is connected to other currencies through Tunisia's trade relationships and its strategic location in North Africa. It is part of the broader Maghreb economic system, interacting with currencies like the Algerian dinar, Libyan dinar, and Mauritanian ouguiya.

### Technical Identifiers and Standards
The dinar is identified by various technical identifiers and standards. The Serbian dinar uses the ISO code RSD and the symbol дин. The Tunisian dinar uses the ISO code TND and the symbol د. The country's international dialing code is +216, and its internet top-level domain is .tn. The country drives on the right. The mains voltage is 230V at 50Hz, utilizing the BS 1363 plug type. Emergency phone numbers include 999 and 112. The country's ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code is TN, the alpha-3 code is TUN, and the numeric code is 788. The country's M49 code is 788, the FIPS 10-4 code is TS, and the UIC numerical country code is 554. The country's aircraft registration prefix is 3T, and its maritime identification digits are 504. The country's mobile country code is 605.

## References

1. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
2. [Source](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dinar)