# Designing a sustainable closed-loop pharmaceutical supply chain in a competitive market considering demand uncertainty, manufacturer’s brand and waste management

> Research article (Annals of Operations Research, 2021) · cited 172× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3128796703](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3128796703)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/designing-a-sustainable-closed-loop-pharmaceutical-supply-chain-in-a-competitive-market-considering-demand-uncertainty-m