# Defending Fake via Warning: Universal Proactive Defense Against Face Manipulation

> Research article (IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2023) · cited 10× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4385696122](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4385696122)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/defending-fake-via-warning-universal-proactive-defense-against-face-manipulation