# Cuba

> sovereign state situated on an island in the Caribbean Sea

**Wikidata**: [Q241](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/cuba

## Summary
Cuba is a sovereign state situated on an island in the Caribbean Sea. It is a communist state and unitary state with its capital in Havana. Cuba gained independence on December 10, 1898, and is known for its unique political system, rich culture, and strategic location in the Caribbean.

## Key Facts
- **Official Name**: República de Cuba
- **Capital**: Havana
- **Independence Date**: December 10, 1898
- **Area**: 109,884 square kilometers
- **Population**: 10,985,974 (2023 estimate)
- **Continent**: North America
- **Coordinates**: Latitude 22°, Longitude -79.5°
- **Highest Point**: Pico Turquino
- **Lowest Point**: Caribbean Sea (0 meters)
- **Timezone**: UTC−05:00, America/Havana
- **National Flag**: Flag of Cuba
- **Coat of Arms**: Coat of arms of Cuba
- **Anthem**: El Himno de Bayamo (La Bayamesa)
- **Motto**: ¡Patria o Muerte, Venceremos! (Homeland or Death, we shall overcome!)
- **Official Language**: Spanish
- **Currency**: Cuban peso
- **Driving Side**: Right-hand traffic
- **Emergency Numbers**: 106 (police), 104 (emergency medical services), 105 (fire department)
- **International Calling Code**: +53
- **Internet TLD**: .cu
- **ISO Codes**: Alpha-2: CU, Alpha-3: CUB, Numeric: 192
- **M49 Code**: 192
- **Aircraft Registration Prefix**: CU
- **Licence Plate Code**: C (since 1930)
- **Maritime Identification Digits**: 323
- **Mobile Country Code**: 368

## FAQs
**What type of government does Cuba have?**
Cuba is a communist state and unitary state with a presidential system of government. The head of state and government is the President of Cuba, currently Miguel Díaz-Canel.

**What is Cuba's current population and demographic profile?**
As of 2023, Cuba's population is approximately 10,985,974. The population has seen fluctuations over the years, with a notable decrease from 11,484,636 in 2017 to the current estimate.

**What are Cuba's economic indicators?**
Cuba's economy is characterized by a mixed economy with strong social welfare programs. The unemployment rate was 1.2% in 2023, and the country has a unique economic model influenced by its communist ideology.

**What international organizations is Cuba a member of?**
Cuba is a member of several international organizations, including the United Nations (since October 24, 1945), World Trade Organization, ALBA, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, and the Organization of American States.

**What is Cuba's human development status?**
Cuba's Human Development Index (HDI) was 0.764 in 2021, classified as "High." The country has made significant progress in human development, with improvements in life expectancy and education.

**What are Cuba's major holidays and public celebrations?**
Cuba celebrates several public holidays, including New Year's Day (January 1), International Workers' Day (May 1), and the anniversary of the Cuban Revolution (July 26).

**What administrative divisions does Cuba have?**
Cuba is divided into 15 provinces and one special municipality: Pinar del Río, Artemisa, Havana, Mayabeque, Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Villa Clara, Sancti Spíritus, Ciego de Ávila, Camagüey, Las Tunas, Granma, Holguín, Santiago de Cuba, Guantánamo, and Isla de la Juventud.

**What is Cuba's relationship with neighboring countries?**
Cuba shares borders with the United States and has diplomatic relations with numerous countries, including Brazil, Russia, Germany, and many others. The country has a complex history of international relations, including its relationship with the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

## Why It Matters
Cuba matters as a significant political and cultural entity in the Caribbean and Latin America. Its communist government and unique political system have made it a focal point in global politics, particularly during the Cold War. Cuba's strategic location in the Caribbean Sea has also made it a key player in regional affairs.

The country's significance extends beyond its borders as a member of major international organizations and as an active participant in regional affairs. Cuba's commitment to social welfare programs and its unique economic model have attracted international attention. The country's approach to issues such as healthcare and education has positioned it as a policy innovator in the region.

Cuba's cultural influence, particularly through its contributions to music, literature, and sports, extends throughout the Spanish-speaking world. Havana serves as a cultural hub for the Caribbean, while the country's film and literary traditions have gained international acclaim.

## Notable For
- **Communist State**: Cuba is one of the few remaining communist states in the world.
- **High Human Development Index**: Cuba's HDI of 0.764 (2021) reflects its strong social welfare programs.
- **Unique Political System**: Cuba's government is a blend of communist ideology and a presidential system.
- **Cultural Influence**: Cuba is known for its rich cultural heritage, including music, literature, and sports.
- **Strategic Location**: Cuba's location in the Caribbean Sea makes it a key player in regional affairs.
- **Healthcare and Education**: Cuba is recognized for its advanced healthcare and education systems.
- **Historical Significance**: Cuba's history, including its revolution and Cold War involvement, makes it a significant entity in global politics.

## Body

### History and Independence
Cuba's path to sovereignty began with its independence from Spain on December 10, 1898, following the Spanish-American War. The country emerged from a long period of colonial rule and has since developed a unique political and social system.

### Geography and Environment
Cuba occupies a territory of 109,884 square kilometers in the Caribbean Sea. The country lies at coordinates latitude 22° and longitude -79.5°, placing it entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. The landscape is characterized by rolling plains and low mountain ranges, with the highest point being Pico Turquino.

The country is located within the Caribbean basin and is named after the Cuba Island. Other significant water bodies include the Gulf of Mexico, which borders the country to the north. The climate is tropical with two distinct seasons: the dry season (November to April) and the wet season (May to October).

### Government and Politics
Cuba operates as a communist state and unitary state with a presidential system of government. The President serves as both head of state and head of government, currently Miguel Díaz-Canel, who assumed office on April 19, 2018. The executive body is the Council of Ministers.

The legislative body is the National Assembly of People's Power, a unicameral parliament. The highest judicial authority is the People's Supreme Court of Cuba.

The country's political system is characterized by a strong tradition of communist governance, with the Communist Party of Cuba playing a central role in the political landscape.

### Demographics and Society
As of 2023, the population is approximately 10,985,974. The society is highly urbanized, with the urban population reaching 8,678,348 in 2022 compared to a rural population of 2,533,843. The life expectancy at birth is approximately 78 years (2022). The birth rate is 8.889 per 1,000 people (2022), and the death rate is 9.852 per 1,000 people (2022). The suicide rate is 13.9 per 100,000 people (2016).

The official language is Spanish, with Cuban Sign Language and Lucumí also recognized. Compulsory education begins at age 5 and continues until age 16. The age of majority is 18.

### Economy and Infrastructure
The economy is characterized by a mixed economy with strong social welfare programs. The unemployment rate is 1.2% (2023). The currency is the Cuban peso.

Infrastructure includes a right-hand traffic system. The electrical system operates at 110V and 60Hz using NEMA 1-15 and NEMA 5-15 plugs.

### International Relations and Memberships
Cuba maintains diplomatic relations with numerous countries, including Brazil, Russia, Germany, and many others. It is a member of the United Nations (since October 24, 1945), World Trade Organization, ALBA, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, and many other international bodies.

### Symbols and Culture
The national flag is the Flag of Cuba. The coat of arms is the Coat of arms of Cuba. The anthem is El Himno de Bayamo (La Bayamesa). The motto is ¡Patria o Muerte, Venceremos! (Homeland or Death, we shall overcome!).

Cultural highlights include the historic capital of Havana, one of the oldest continuously inhabited European settlements in the Caribbean. The country is also known for its contributions to literature, music, and sports, with Havana serving as a cultural hub for the region.

### Administrative Divisions
Cuba is divided into 15 provinces and one special municipality: Pinar del Río, Artemisa, Havana, Mayabeque, Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Villa Clara, Sancti Spíritus, Ciego de Ávila, Camagüey, Las Tunas, Granma, Holguín, Santiago de Cuba, Guantánamo, and Isla de la Juventud. Each province has its own administrative and political structure, contributing to the country's regional diversity.

### Technical Identifiers and Standards
The country uses the .cu top-level internet domain and has an international calling code of +53. The aircraft registration prefix is CU. The license plate code is C (since 1930). The maritime identification digits are 323. The mobile country code is 368.

The ISO codes are Alpha-2: CU, Alpha-3: CUB, Numeric: 192. The M49 code is 192. The emergency numbers are 106 (police), 104 (emergency medical services), and 105 (fire department). The timezone is UTC−05:00, America/Havana.

## References

1. [Source](https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cuba)
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4. [Source](http://mtafilter1.santafeciudad.gov.ar/ciudad/santa_mundo/historial_cooperacion_internacional.html)
5. Virtual International Authority File
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8. [Source](https://lingualibre.org/wiki/Q679296)
9. [Interpol](https://www.interpol.int/Member-countries/World)
10. [Source](https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/Member-countries/Americas/CUBA)
11. [Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons](https://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/member-states/)
12. [Source](https://www.opcw.org/about-us/member-states/cuba)
13. [International Hydrographic Organization](https://www.iho.int/srv1/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=452&lang=en)
14. [Source](http://www.unesco.org/eri/cp/ListeMS_Indicators.asp)
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19. [Source](https://public.wmo.int/en/members/cuba)
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30. [World Bank Open Data](https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL)
31. [Source](http://www.onei.gob.cu/node/13815)
32. [Source](https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/summaries/#people-and-society)
33. [Source](http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS)
34. [Source](https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS)
35. [Source](http://cnig.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/CNT-PVM_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9_2020-01-27-1.pdf)
36. Official Names of the United Nations Membership
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38. [Source](https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2017)
39. BBC Things
40. [Source](http://chartsbin.com/view/edr)
41. [UNESCO Institute for Statistics](http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DEMO_DS)
42. [UNESCO Institute for Statistics](http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx?queryid=3372)
43. [International Numbering Resources Database](http://www.itu.int/net/itu-t/inrdb/e129_important_numbers.aspx)
44. [World Plugs](http://www.iec.ch/worldplugs/list_bylocation.htm)
45. [Source](http://otif.org/fileadmin/user_upload/otif_verlinkte_files/06_tech_zulass/05_Reglementation_en_vigueur/Neu_ab_01_01_2015/UTP_MARKING_2015_e_in_force.pdf)
46. [Source](http://uic.org/country-codes)
47. [Source](https://countrycodebase.com/undp/)
48. [Source](https://www.gs1.org/company-prefix)
49. [Cuba - Google Maps](https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cuba/@21.2729273,-88.5862158,5z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x0:0xa98aa262f355fd67!2sNeuruppin!3b1!8m2!3d52.9154545!4d12.7990783!3m4!1s0x88cd49070f7a4cb5:0x798cf7529110a41a!8m2!3d21.6165793!4d-78.9697266)
50. [Source](https://apps.who.int/gho/athena/data/xmart.csv?target=GHO/SDGSUICIDE,SDG_SH_STA_SCIDEN&profile=crosstable&filter=COUNTRY:*;REGION:*;AGEGROUP:-&x-sideaxis=COUNTRY;SEX&x-topaxis=GHO;YEAR)