# Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises

> commune in Calvados, France

**Wikidata**: [Q848474](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848474)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/courtonne-les-deux-glises

## Summary
Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises is a commune located in the Calvados department of Normandy, France. It was officially established on January 1, 1973, through the merger of previous municipalities and is situated within the arrondissement of Lisieux and the canton of Orbec. The entity is geographically defined by coordinates 49.085° N, 0.37055555555556° E and serves as a local administrative subdivision within the French Republic.

## Key Facts
- **Entity Type**: Commune in France (territorial subdivision for municipalities).
- **Inception Date**: January 1, 1973.
- **Location**: Calvados department, France.
- **Administrative District**: Arrondissement of Lisieux.
- **Former Administrative District**: Canton of Orbec (valid until March 2015).
- **Geographic Coordinates**: Latitude 49.085, Longitude 0.37055555555556.
- **Population History**: Recorded figures include 680, 666, 670, 658, 653, 487, 440, 471, 541, 582, 670, 648, 642, 635, 629, and 627 across various census periods.
- **Wikipedia Title**: Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises.
- **Wikidata Description**: Commune in Calvados, France.
- **Alternative Alias**: Courtonne.
- **Sitelink Count**: 43.
- **Parent Country**: France.
- **Department Inception**: Calvados department established on March 4, 1790.
- **Commune Subdivision Inception**: The commune system in France originated in 1789.

## FAQs
**When and how was Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises formed?**
The commune was officially created on January 1, 1973, marking the formal establishment of its current administrative status. This date follows the broader French tradition of municipal organization that began in 1789.

**Where is Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises located administratively?**
It is situated in the Calvados department within the arrondissement of Lisieux. Historically, it belonged to the canton of Orbec, which existed as an administrative division until March 2015.

**What is the population trend of the commune?**
The population has fluctuated over time, with recorded figures ranging from a low of 440 to a high of 680. Specific historical counts include 627, 629, 635, 642, 648, 653, 658, 666, 670, 471, 487, 541, and 582 residents across different census years.

**What are the geographic coordinates of the commune?**
The precise location is defined by a latitude of 49.085 and a longitude of 0.37055555555556. These coordinates place the entity within the Western European region of France.

## Why It Matters
Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises represents a specific node in the complex administrative and historical fabric of the French Republic. As a commune established in 1973, it reflects the modernization and restructuring of local governance that occurred in post-war France. Its existence is tied to the broader history of the Calvados department, which was founded in 1790, and the national system of municipalities dating back to the French Revolution of 1789. Understanding this entity provides insight into how local French territories are organized, how they evolve through mergers, and how they fit into the hierarchical structure of the arrondissement and former canton systems. It serves as a microcosm of French rural administration, preserving local identity while adhering to national standards.

## Notable For
- **Administrative Merger**: Established on January 1, 1973, representing a specific instance of municipal consolidation in Calvados.
- **Historical Continuity**: Part of the French commune system that originated in 1789, linking it to the foundational era of the modern French state.
- **Departmental Heritage**: Located in Calvados, a department created on March 4, 1790, during the French Revolution.
- **Canton History**: Formerly part of the canton of Orbec, an administrative division that ceased to exist in its original form in March 2015.
- **Geographic Specificity**: Defined by precise coordinates (49.085° N, 0.37055555555556° E) within the arrondissement of Lisieux.
- **Population Variance**: Demonstrates demographic shifts with recorded populations ranging from 440 to 680 inhabitants.
- **Digital Presence**: Maintains a dedicated Wikipedia entry and holds 43 sitelinks, indicating its recognition in digital knowledge bases.
- **Alias Usage**: Known alternatively as "Courtonne," reflecting local naming conventions.

## Body

### Administrative History and Formation
Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises was officially established as a commune on January 1, 1973. This date marks the inception of its current legal status as a territorial subdivision of France. The entity falls under the category of a "commune of France," a classification that traces its origins to the year 1789. It is situated within the Calvados department, which itself was created on March 4, 1790. Prior to the administrative reforms of 2015, the commune was part of the canton of Orbec. It currently resides within the arrondissement of Lisieux. The entity is identified in the Wikidata database with the description "commune in Calvados, France" and is also known by the alias "Courtonne."

### Geographic and Demographic Data
The commune is located at latitude 49.085 and longitude 0.37055555555556. These coordinates place it in the Calvados department of the Normandy region in France. Demographic records show a fluctuating population history. The recorded population figures include 680, 666, 670, 658, 653, 487, 440, 471, 541, 582, 670, 648, 642, 635, 629, and 627. These numbers reflect the changing size of the community over various census periods. The lowest recorded population was 440, while the highest was 680. The entity is part of the broader French territory, which includes metropolitan France and overseas territories, though Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises is specifically located in the European portion of the country.

### Institutional Context and Relationships
As a commune, Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises is a fundamental unit of the French administrative system. It is directly linked to the country of France. Its administrative hierarchy places it under the arrondissement of Lisieux and the department of Calvados. The entity's relationship with the canton of Orbec is historical, as that specific canton structure was dissolved or reorganized in March 2015. The commune is one of many territorial subdivisions in France, a system that began in 1789. The entity has a significant digital footprint, with a sitelink count of 43, indicating its presence across various language versions of Wikipedia and other linked data projects. The Wikipedia title for the entity is "Courtonne-les-Deux-Églises."

### Regional and National Framework
The commune operates within the legal and political framework of the French Republic. The department of Calvados, where the commune is located, was established in 1790 as part of the revolutionary reorganization of France. The commune system itself is a legacy of the 1789 reforms. The entity is part of the arrondissement of Lisieux, which serves as a sub-prefecture level administration. While the canton of Orbec was a relevant administrative division for the commune until 2015, the current structure relies on the department and arrondissement levels for broader governance. The entity's existence is a testament to the continuity of local governance in France, adapting to changes such as the 1973 merger and the 2015 cantonal reforms while maintaining its status as a distinct commune.

## References

1. BnF authorities
2. dataset of postal codes in France. 2018
3. INSEE code
4. [Source](https://archives.calvados.fr/classificationScheme/11d99609-7d05-4864-9e3e-7f744d9c2753)
5. répertoire géographique des communes
6. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
7. MusicBrainz
8. Recensement de la population 2015. National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 2017
9. Populations légales 2016
10. Populations légales 2017
11. Populations légales 2018
12. [Populations légales communales depuis 1968. National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies](https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2522602)
13. Populations légales 2019
14. Populations légales 2020
15. Populations légales 2021
16. Populations de référence 2022
17. Populations de référence 2023
18. [Code officiel géographique](https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/3363419)
19. National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies
20. GeoNames
21. [répertoire géographique des communes. 2015](https://wxs-telechargement.ign.fr/83edtfdyqte031y0ra49d2e3/telechargement/inspire/RGC-2015-01$RGC2015/file/RGC2015.7z)
22. [2016](https://data.geopf.fr/telechargement/download/GEOFLA/GEOFLA_2-2_COMMUNE_SHP_LAMB93_FXX_2016-06-28/GEOFLA_2-2_COMMUNE_SHP_LAMB93_FXX_2016-06-28.7z)
23. [Code officiel géographique. 2017](https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/2560698)