# Contrasts between first-tier and second-tier cities in Europe: a functional perspective

> Research article (European Planning Studies, 2016) · cited 78× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2271366646](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2271366646)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/contrasts-between-first-tier-and-second-tier-cities-in-europe-a-functional-perspective