# Cluj-Napoca

> city and seat of Cluj County in northwestern Romania

**Wikidata**: [Q100188](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100188)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluj-Napoca)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/cluj-napoca

## Summary
Cluj-Napoca is a city and the seat of Cluj County located in northwestern Romania, within the historical region of Transylvania. Founded in 1213, it serves as a major administrative, educational, and economic center, officially adopting the name Cluj-Napoca in 1974. As a municipality and college town, it is currently governed by Mayor Emil Boc and maintains extensive international connections through numerous twin-city partnerships.

## Key Facts
*   **Classification:** Instance of a city, large human settlement, municipality of Romania, capital of county in Romania, big city, college town, and municipality.
*   **Location:** Located in Cluj County and the historical region of Transylvania; coordinates are 46.76891° N, 23.59066° E.
*   **Elevation:** The preferred elevation above sea level is 356 metres.
*   **Area:** Covers a total area of 179.5 square kilometres.
*   **Inception:** The city was established in 1213.
*   **Population:**
    *   286,598 (2021 census, resident population)
    *   324,576 (2011 census, resident population)
    *   317,953 (2002 census)
    *   328,602 (1992 census)
    *   262,858 (1977 census)
    *   185,663 (1966 census)
    *   154,723 (1956 census)
    *   117,915 (1948 census)
    *   100,844 (1930 census)
    *   60,808 (1912 census)
    *   18,685 (1850 census)
    *   13,928 (1787 census)
*   **Language:** As of the 2021 census, 33,851 residents identified Hungarian as their native language.
*   **Time Zone:** Observes UTC+02:00 (standard time) and UTC+03:00 (daylight saving time).
*   **Government:** The head of government (Mayor) is Emil Boc, serving since 2012 (previously served 2004–2009). The office held is the Mayor of Cluj-Napoca.
*   **Administrative Codes:**
    *   SIRUTA code: 54975
    *   UN/LOCODE: ROCLJ
    *   Licence plate code: CJ-N
*   **Postal Codes:** Range from 400001 to 400930.
*   **Contact Information:**
    *   Address: Str. Moților nr.3, 400001, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj
    *   Phone: +40-264596030
    *   Email: registratura@primariaclujnapoca.ro
    *   Website: https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/
*   **Official Name:** Changed from "Cluj" to "Cluj-Napoca" on October 18, 1974.
*   **Infrastructure:** The city is the owner of Stadionul Ion Moina and Stadionul Clujana.

## FAQs
**What is the historical significance of Cluj-Napoca's name?**
The city has undergone several name changes due to its shifting political history, known historically as Kolozsvár in Hungarian and Klausenburg in German. The current official name, Cluj-Napoca, was adopted on October 18, 1974, adding the Dacian name "Napoca" to the Latin "Cluj."

**What countries has Cluj-Napoca belonged to throughout history?**
The city has been part of numerous political entities, including the Principality of Transylvania, the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire, Austria–Hungary, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Romania, the Romanian People's Republic, and the Socialist Republic of Romania. It is currently part of Romania.

**Who are the sister cities of Cluj-Napoca?**
Cluj-Napoca maintains twinning relationships with numerous global cities, including Cologne (Germany) since 1976, Zagreb (Croatia) since 1976, Pécs (Hungary) since 1990, Columbia (USA) since 1991, and São Paulo (Brazil) since 2000, among many others across Europe, Asia, and the Americas.

**What educational role does the city play?**
Classified specifically as a "college town," Cluj-Napoca serves as a significant educational hub within Romania, distinct from its role as a mere administrative or industrial center.

**What are the geographic boundaries of Cluj-Napoca?**
The city's precise geographic extremes are defined by specific coordinates: the northernmost point is at 46.80486° N, the southernmost at 46.73173° N, the easternmost at 23.70855° E, and the westernmost at 23.52270° E.

## Why It Matters
Cluj-Napoca holds significance as the unofficial capital of the Transylvania region and a pivotal economic and cultural center in northwestern Romania. Its historical trajectory, marked by centuries of shifting rule between Hungarian and Romanian administrations, makes it a focal point for understanding the complex ethnic and political history of Eastern Europe. As a designated college town and a large municipality, it drives regional development through education and infrastructure, evidenced by its ownership of major sports venues like Stadionul Ion Moina. Furthermore, the city's extensive network of twin cities—from São Paulo to Zhengzhou—highlights its active role in global diplomacy and international cooperation, enhancing its cultural exchange and economic reach beyond national borders.

## Notable For
*   **Historical Depth:** Having an inception date of 1213, it possesses a medieval history spanning over eight centuries.
*   **Multilingual Identity:** The city is recognized by a wide array of historical and native labels, including Kolozsvár, Klausenburg, and Claudiopolis, reflecting its multicultural heritage.
*   **Administrative Stability:** Since the fall of the Socialist Republic of Romania in 1989, the city has been part of the modern Republic of Romania, with Emil Boc serving a long, current tenure as mayor starting in 2012.
*   **Digital Presence:** The municipality maintains a robust digital footprint with official accounts on YouTube (over 400k projected views by late 2025), Instagram, Facebook, and Reddit.
*   **Bibliographic Reach:** The city is documented in a vast array of global knowledge bases, including the Library of Congress, the German National Library, BnF, and encyclopedias like Britannica, Brockhaus, and the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
*   **Specific Identifiers:** It holds unique IDs across various systems, such as the MusicBrainz area ID (660f7938-e215-4f56-8cb5-44e15b30b191) and the iNaturalist place ID (103157).

## Body

### Geography and Location
Cluj-Napoca is situated in the northwestern part of Romania, specifically serving as the seat of Cluj County. Geographically, it lies within the historical region of Transylvania. The city covers a physical area of 179.5 square kilometres. The elevation of the city is noted as 356 metres above sea level, though an alternative measurement of 410 metres exists in records. The precise geographic center and boundaries are defined by specific coordinates:
*   **General Coordinates:** 46.76891° latitude, 23.59066° longitude.
*   **Northernmost Point:** 46.80486° N, 23.60725° E.
*   **Southernmost Point:** 46.73173° N, 23.59591° E.
*   **Easternmost Point:** 46.78706° N, 23.70855° E.
*   **Westernmost Point:** 46.78725° N, 23.52270° E.

The city operates under the Eastern European Time zone, observing UTC+02:00 as standard time and UTC+03:00 for daylight saving time.

### History and Political Affiliation
The history of Cluj-Napoca dates back to its inception in 1213. Over the centuries, the city has been part of numerous states and empires, reflecting the turbulent history of the region:
*   **Eastern Hungarian Kingdom** (1526–1570)
*   **Principality of Transylvania** (1570–1711)
*   **Habsburg Monarchy** (1711–1804)
*   **Austrian Empire** (1804–1867)
*   **Austria–Hungary** (1867–1918)
*   **Kingdom of Hungary** (historically, and specifically 1940–1944 during WWII)
*   **First Hungarian Republic** (1918)
*   **Kingdom of Romania** (1918–1940; 1940s)
*   **Romanian People's Republic** (1947–1965)
*   **Socialist Republic of Romania** (1965–1989)
*   **Romania** (1989–present)

The city's nomenclature has evolved alongside these political changes. It was known simply as "Cluj" until October 17, 1974, after which the name "Cluj-Napoca" was officially adopted. Other historical names include "Kolozsvár" (Hungarian), "Klausenburg" (German), and "Claudianopolis." The city has also served as the capital of various historical subdivisions, such as Kolozs County and Kolozsvár District, until 1920.

### Governance and Administration
Administratively, Cluj-Napoca is classified as a municipality of Romania and functions as the capital of Cluj County. It is recognized as a "big city" and a "municipality." The local government is headquartered at Str. Moților nr.3.
*   **Leadership:** The current head of government is Emil Boc, who has held the office of mayor since 2012. He previously served as mayor from 2004 to 2009. Other recent mayors include Sorin Apostu (2009–2011) and Gheorghe Funar (1992–2004).
*   **Codes and Identifiers:** The city is identified by the SIRUTA code 54975, the UN/LOCODE ROCLJ, and the licence plate code CJ-N.
*   **Contact:** The municipality can be reached via phone at +40-264596030 or email at registratura@primariaclujnapoca.ro. The official website is https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/.

### Demographics
Cluj-Napoca has experienced significant population growth over the centuries, documented through various census records:
*   **18th & 19th Century:** 13,928 (1787), 18,685 (1850).
*   **Early 20th Century:** 60,808 (1912).
*   **Mid 20th Century:** 100,844 (1930), 117,915 (1948), 154,723 (1956), 185,663 (1966).
*   **Late 20th Century:** 262,858 (1977), 328,602 (1992).
*   **21st Century:** 317,953 (2002), 324,576 (2011), 286,598 (2021).

Linguistically, the city remains diverse. According to the 2021 census, 33,851 residents reported Hungarian as their native language. Other native labels and variations in pronunciation exist across different languages, including Romanian, Hungarian, German, and Japanese.

### Infrastructure and Economy
As the owner of key infrastructure, Cluj-Napoca manages **Stadionul Ion Moina** and **Stadionul Clujana**. The local economy is a distinct topic of interest ("economy of Cluj-Napoca"), supported by its status as a college town which drives a service and knowledge-based sector. The postal codes for the city range from 400001 to 400930, and local dialing codes are 264 and 364.

### International Relations
Cluj-Napoca has established an extensive network of sister cities and twinned administrative bodies, fostering international cooperation. Key partnerships include:
*   **Cologne, Germany** (partnered since 1976-11-13)
*   **Zagreb, Croatia** (partnered since 1976-06-00)
*   **Pécs, Hungary** (partnered since 1990-02-00)
*   **Columbia, USA** (partnered since 1991-06-00)
*   **Beersheba, Israel** (partnered since 1991-09-00)
*   **Nantes, France** (partnered since 1990-11-00)
*   **Makati, Philippines** (partnered since 1996-04-25)
*   **Suwon, South Korea** (partnered since 1999-06-17)
*   **Zhengzhou, China** (partnered since 1994-09-00)
*   **Rockford, USA** (partnered since 2005-09-00)
*   **São Paulo, Brazil** (partnered since 2000-07-00)
*   **East Lansing, USA** (partnered since 2005-09-00)
*   **Korçë, Albania** (partnered since 2001-03-00)
*   **Karaganda, Kazakhstan** (partnered since 2017-11-00)
*   **Eskişehir, Turkey** (partnered since 2020-01-00)
*   **Braga, Portugal** (partnered since 2018-03-00)
*   **Ungheni, Moldova** (partnered since 2016-11-00)
*   **Ningbo, China** (partnered since 2014-06-08)
*   **Namur, Belgium** (partnered since 2010-03-20)
*   **Viterbo, Italy** (partnered since 2009)
*   **Province of Parma, Italy** (partnered since 2005-06-00)
*   **Municipio Chacao, Venezuela** (partnered since 1999-11-09)

### Identifiers and Digital Footprint
Cluj-Napoca is cataloged in numerous global databases and digital platforms:
*   **Archives and Libraries:** Library of Congress ID (n83032427), BnF ID (11951294v), GND ID (4073479-1), VIAF IDs (147391977, 306148574295424430002, 129716131), and Israel National Library IDs.
*   **Encyclopedic References:** Entries in the Encyclopædia Britannica Online, Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, Great Russian Encyclopedia, Treccani, and Jewish Encyclopedia.
*   **Digital and Social Media:**
    *   **YouTube:** Channel ID UCttK1zpjrSFu29rmcut2eAA (handle: primariamunicipiuluiclujnapoca), with projected viewership stats reaching 425,946 by late 2025.
    *   **Instagram:** visitclujnapoca
    *   **Facebook:** PrimariaClujNapocaRomania (Location ID: 109529709065736)
    *   **Reddit:** Active subreddit r/cluj.
*   **Mapping and Location:** OpenStreetMap relation ID 3277038, GeoNames IDs (681290, 8334955, 11550487), and OpenWeatherMap city ID 681290.
*   **Other IDs:** MusicBrainz area ID, iNaturalist place ID, Pinakes city ID, and YIVO Encyclopedia ID.

## References

1. [Rezultatele alegerilor locale din 2016. Central Electoral Bureau](http://www.2016bec.ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/SIAL2016_P_Lista_Moc-2.xlsx)
2. archINFORM
3. [Orașe înfrățitecu municipiul Cluj-Napoca. Cluj-Napoca](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/orase-infratite/)
4. [Source](https://pecs.hu/testvervarosok-partnervarosok/)
5. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/pecs/)
6. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/beer-sheva/)
7. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/dijon/)
8. [Source](https://www.dijon.fr/Dijon-Capitale/Ville-internationale/Villes-partenaires)
9. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/makati/)
10. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/nantes/)
11. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/rotherham/)
12. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/suwon/)
13. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/zhengzhou/)
14. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/rockford/)
15. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/sao-paulo-brazilia/)
16. [Source](http://legislacao.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/leis/lei-14471-de-10-de-julho-de-2007)
17. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/koln/)
18. [Source](https://www.stadt-koeln.de/politik-und-verwaltung/internationales/staedtepartnerschaften/cluj-napoca-klausenburg-rumaenien)
19. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/east-lansig/)
20. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/korce/)
21. [Source](https://www.bashkiakorce.gov.al/site/articles.php?cid=64)
22. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/karaganda/)
23. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/eskisehir/)
24. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/braga/)
25. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/ungheni/)
26. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/ningbo/)
27. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/namur/)
28. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/viterbo/)
29. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/columbia/)
30. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/zagreb/)
31. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/provincia-parma/)
32. [Source](https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/cultura/oras-infratit/chacao-caracas/)
33. [Source](http://www.geopostcodes.com/Cluj_Napoca)
34. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
35. [Source](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1w-LlAOq8awziuYhuVH8d9H08FcdYNENw37rJk2Tmx3Q/edit?gid=53477816#gid=53477816)
36. MusicBrainz
37. [Populaţia stabilă pe judeţe, municipii, oraşe şi localităti componenete la RPL_2011. National Institute of Statistics](http://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-2/)
38. [Source](https://mek.oszk.hu/02600/02659/02659.pdf)
39. [Date de contact localități](https://github.com/geospatialorg/date-contact-localitati/)
40. GeoNames
41. BBC Things
42. [Source](https://service.unece.org/trade/locode/ro.htm)
43. [Source](https://it-ch.topographic-map.com/map-f9wr4s/Cluj-Napoca/?zoom=19&center=46.76799%2C23.585&popup=46.76824%2C23.58498)
44. YouTube API
45. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)
46. [iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/places/inaturalist-places.csv.zip)
47. [Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands](https://biblio.hiu.cas.cz/records/f329918b-efcd-4623-ac34-f9c4d004782e)
48. [Regional Database of the Central Bohemian Research Library in Kladno](https://ipac.svkkl.cz/arl-kl/cs/detail-kl_us_auth-g0003421-ClujNapoca-Rumunsko)
49. museum-digital
50. 2021 Romanian census. 2023