# Claude Louis Berthollet

> French chemist (1748-1822)

**Wikidata**: [Q312587](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312587)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Louis_Berthollet)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/claude-louis-berthollet

## Summary
Claude Louis Berthollet (1748–1822), also known as Count Berthollet, was a French chemist notable for his prominent membership in European and international scientific societies and for receiving high national and international honors. He was affiliated with major learned institutions including the French Academy of Sciences, the Institut de France, the Institut d'Égypte, and the University of Turin, and he is commemorated by eponymous names such as the plant genus Bertholletia and asteroid 12750 Berthollet.

## Biography
- Born: 1748 (place not specified in the provided source); died 1822
- Nationality: France
- Education: (no specific degrees or institutions listed in the provided source)
- Known for: Prominent French chemist with broad membership in national and international academies and societies; eponymous honors (Bertholletia, 12750 Berthollet)
- Employer(s): University of Turin (affiliated); associated with multiple French and international learned societies and institutions (see Body)
- Field(s): Chemistry; (related topics in the source include medicine and politics)

## Contributions
- Scientific and institutional presence: The provided material documents Claude Louis Berthollet’s extensive institutional involvements and recognitions rather than specific papers or patents. He is recorded as:
  - A member or affiliate of multiple learned societies and academies, including the French Academy of Sciences, Institut de France, Institut d'Égypte, Royal Society (Fellow), Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Academy of Sciences of Turin, Société Philomathique de Paris, Society of Arcueil, Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale, and the Académie Nationale de Médecine.
  - An affiliate of the University of Turin.
- Honors and official recognition: He received French national honors (Knight of the Legion of Honour; Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour) and foreign honors (Fellow of the Royal Society; Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences).
- Eponymy and legacy items: Scientific and cultural eponyms recorded in the source include the plant genus Bertholletia and the asteroid 12750 Berthollet. The term non-stoichiometric compounds appears among related topics associated with his name in the source material.

(Note: The provided source material does not list specific publication titles, dates of published works, patents, or other named inventions. The above contributions summarize all concrete outcomes and recognitions present in the source.)

## FAQs
Q: What was Claude Louis Berthollet’s main occupation and nationality?
A: He was a French chemist, commonly cited as Claude Louis Berthollet (1748–1822) and also known by the title Count Berthollet.

Q: Which scientific academies and learned societies was Berthollet associated with?
A: He was associated with many institutions including the French Academy of Sciences, Institut de France, Institut d'Égypte, Royal Society (as a Fellow), Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Academy of Sciences of Turin, Société Philomathique de Paris, Society of Arcueil, and the Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale.

Q: Did he receive national honors?
A: Yes. The source lists him as a Knight of the Legion of Honour and as a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.

Q: Was Berthollet recognized outside France?
A: Yes. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society (United Kingdom) and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (United States), and he had ties to many European academies.

Q: Are there things named after Berthollet?
A: Yes. The plant genus Bertholletia and asteroid 12750 Berthollet are named in connection with him according to the provided material.

Q: What areas of science are linked to Berthollet’s name in the source?
A: The source links his name primarily to chemistry and also lists related topics including medicine, politics, and non-stoichiometric compounds.

Q: With which university was he affiliated?
A: He is listed as affiliated with the University of Turin.

## Why They Matter
Claude Louis Berthollet’s importance in the historical record, as represented in the provided material, stems from his central position within the scientific institutions of his era. His memberships and fellowships across leading national and international academies—spanning France, Britain, Sweden, Prussia, the Netherlands, Bavaria, Italy, and the United States—indicate a scientist who operated at the highest levels of scientific exchange in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The range of learned bodies and societies with which he was associated (French Academy of Sciences; Institut de France; Institut d'Égypte; Royal Society; Royal Swedish Academy; Royal Prussian Academy; Royal Netherlands Academy; Bavarian Academy; Academy of Sciences of Turin; Société Philomathique de Paris; Society of Arcueil; Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale; Académie Nationale de Médecine) demonstrates a sustained role in shaping scientific networks, institutional priorities, and international recognition of chemistry as a discipline. His receipt of high honors—both national (Legion of Honour ranks) and international (Fellowships)—reflects how contemporaries valued his work and influence. Eponymous recognitions (a plant genus and an asteroid) further testify to a legacy that extended into natural history and cultural memory. Without figures similarly embedded in institutional networks and honored across nations, scientific collaboration and the cross-border spread of ideas in that period would have been diminished.

## Notable For
- Being a leading French chemist recorded with the lifespan 1748–1822 and known by the title Count Berthollet.
- Memberships and fellowships across major academies: French Academy of Sciences; Royal Society (Fellow); Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities; Academy of Sciences of Turin.
- Affiliations with French and international learned institutions: Institut de France; Institut d'Égypte; Société Philomathique de Paris; Society of Arcueil; Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale; Académie Nationale de Médecine.
- Recognition by American institutions: Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
- National French honors: Knight of the Legion of Honour and Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.
- Eponymy: the plant genus Bertholletia and the asteroid 12750 Berthollet are associated with his name.
- Affiliation with the University of Turin.
- Association in source metadata as related to fields/topics including chemistry, medicine, politics, and non-stoichiometric compounds.

## Body

### Identity and basic facts
- Full name: Claude Louis Berthollet.
- Alias: Count Berthollet.
- Lifespan: 1748–1822.
- Primary designation in the source: French chemist.
- Sitelink count (metadata): 52.
- Wikipedia title (metadata): Claude Louis Berthollet.
- Wikidata description (metadata): French chemist (1748-1822).

### Early life
- The provided material gives the birth year (1748) and death year (1822) but does not provide a birth location, family background, or formal education details. No specific degrees or institutions for schooling are listed in the source.

### Institutional affiliations and memberships
- French institutions and societies:
  - French Academy of Sciences (listed among related learned societies).
  - Institut de France (noted as a French learned society grouping five académies; inception 1795).
  - Institut d'Égypte (listed; described as a library in Egypt with inception 1798).
  - Société Philomathique de Paris (inception 1788).
  - Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale (inception 1801); identified also as a key organization associated with Berthollet in the source.
  - Society of Arcueil (inception 1806); listed among learned societies and identified as a key organization.
  - Académie Nationale de Médecine (inception 1820).
- International academies and learned societies:
  - Royal Society (United Kingdom) — listed as an award/recognition (Fellow).
  - Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (inception 1739).
  - Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (1700–1946).
  - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (inception 1808; Dutch learned society).
  - Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (inception 1759).
  - Academy of Sciences of Turin (inception entries 1757, 1783).
  - American Academy of Arts and Sciences (inception 1780; listed as Fellowship).
- University affiliation:
  - University of Turin — explicitly listed under "Affiliated with" (inception 1404; a university in Turin, Italy).
- The source lists these organizations as institutional connections; specific roles (e.g., professor, director) are not specified in the provided material.

### Honors and recognitions
- National French honors:
  - Knight of the Legion of Honour (listed).
  - Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour (listed).
- International fellowships:
  - Fellow of the Royal Society (United Kingdom).
  - Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (United States).
- These honors are explicitly listed in the provided material without dates or the contexts in which they were awarded.

### Scientific topics and related concepts
- Primary scientific field noted: chemistry.
- Other related topics present in the source material: medicine and politics (listed as related topics), and non-stoichiometric compounds (listed among related items).
- The source connects Berthollet’s name to these areas as related concepts; specific theories, experimental results, or publications are not enumerated in the provided data.

### Eponyms and named items
- Bertholletia — a genus of plants recorded in the related items.
- 12750 Berthollet — an asteroid listed among related things.
- These eponyms are part of the documented legacy entries in the provided material.

### Key organizations and roles
- The source identifies two organizations explicitly under "Key People" in relation to Berthollet:
  - Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale (inception 1801) — an organization supporting French industries.
  - Society of Arcueil (inception 1806) — a learned society.
- The material places Berthollet centrally in the network of French learned societies and industrial encouragement bodies; it does not provide precise job titles, dates of service, or administrative roles.

### Geographic and political context
- National context: France (subject’s nationality).
- International context: connections to the Kingdom of Sardinia are present in the related items list (the Kingdom of Sardinia existed 1720–1861); University of Turin affiliation situates part of Berthollet’s institutional presence in what is now Italy.
- The source includes politics as a related topic; no explicit political offices or political acts are listed in the provided material.

### Publications and direct scientific outputs
- The provided dataset does not list specific publications, monographs, patents, or named experiments authored by Claude Louis Berthollet. The Contributions section therefore emphasizes institutional memberships, honors, eponyms, and the catalogue of societies associated with him as the concrete outcomes recorded in this source.

### Legacy and historical footprint
- Institutional legacy: continued recognition across national academies and societies is recorded in the provided data. His name’s survival in biological taxonomy (Bertholletia) and in astronomy (asteroid 12750 Berthollet) indicates commemoration across disciplines.
- Honors legacy: ranking within the Legion of Honour (Knight; Grand Officer) and fellowships in major academies testify to a sustained historical reputation reflected by contemporaneous and later institutions.
- Scholarly networks: the breadth of academies and societies listed suggests he occupied a central node in late 18th–early 19th-century European scientific exchange as documented by institutional affiliations.

### Metadata and indexation
- Wikidata description: "French chemist (1748-1822)."
- Wikipedia title metadata: "Claude Louis Berthollet."
- Sitelink count (metadata): 52.
- These metadata elements are part of the bibliographic and cataloging data associated with his record in the provided source material.

(End of entry.)

## References

1. www.accademiadellescienze.it
2. BnF authorities
3. Integrated Authority File
4. Czech National Authority Database
5. Léonore database
6. International Standard Name Identifier
7. Virtual International Authority File
8. CiNii Research
9. [Source](https://www.academie-sciences.fr/fr/Liste-des-membres-depuis-la-creation-de-l-Academie-des-sciences/les-membres-du-passe-dont-le-nom-commence-par-b.html)
10. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
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12. Nationalencyklopedin
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22. [Source](http://digitale.beic.it/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&vid=BEIC&vl%283134987UI0%29=creator&vl%28freeText0%29=Berthollet%20Claude%20Louis)
23. CONOR.SI
24. CERL Thesaurus
25. Shakeosphere