# Chengdu

> capital of Sichuan Province, China

**Wikidata**: [Q30002](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30002)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/chengdu

## Summary
Chengdu is the capital city of Sichuan Province in the People's Republic of China. Located in Eastern Sichuan on the continent of Asia, it serves as a sub-provincial division, a megacity, and a major economic and administrative center. Founded in the 4th century BC, it has a permanent population of 20,937,757 as of 2020 and is recognized globally as a UNESCO City of Gastronomy.

## Key Facts
*   **Location:** Eastern Sichuan, People's Republic of China, Asia.
*   **Coordinates:** 30.66°N, 104.063°E.
*   **Area:** 14,378 square kilometres.
*   **Elevation:** 500 metres above sea level.
*   **Population (2020):** 20,937,757 (permanent population); 10,415,116 female and 10,522,641 male.
*   **Inception:** 4th Century BC (Year -031).
*   **Time Zone:** UTC+08:00.
*   **Administrative Status:** Sub-provincial division, provincial capital, megacity.
*   **License Plate Code:** 川A and 川G.
*   **Local Dialing Code:** 028.
*   **Postal Code:** 610000.
*   **UN/LOCODE:** CNCTU.
*   **Website:** http://www.chengdu.gov.cn.
*   **Maximum Temperature Record:** 40.1°C.

## FAQs
**What is the administrative role of Chengdu?**
Chengdu serves as the capital of Sichuan Province. It is also a sub-provincial division (a status it has held since 1989) and contains 20 administrative territorial entities, including 12 districts, 5 county-level cities, and 3 counties.

**What international organizations and networks is Chengdu part of?**
Chengdu is a member of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a "City of Gastronomy" (joined in 2010), the World Tourism Cities Federation, and the League of Historical Cities.

**What are the official symbols of Chengdu?**
The city has designated official symbols: the Ginkgo biloba is the official tree, and the Hibiscus mutabilis is the official flower.

**What is the demographic history of Chengdu?**
The city has grown from 857,000 people in 1953 to over 20 million by 2020. Key population milestones include 1.5 million in 1964, 9.1 million in 1990, and 11 million in 2016.

## Why It Matters
As the capital of Sichuan Province and a megacity with over 20 million residents, Chengdu is a critical hub for Western China. Its historical significance is profound, having served as the capital for several kingdoms over two millennia, including the Shu Han and Former Shu. In the modern era, it plays a pivotal role in international diplomacy and culture, boasting one of the world's most extensive sister city networks and global recognition for its culinary heritage.

## Notable For
*   **City of Gastronomy:** Designated a UNESCO City of Gastronomy in 2010.
*   **Extensive Diplomatic Ties:** Maintains sister city relations with over 35 cities worldwide, including Montpellier, Phoenix, and Nashville.
*   **Historical Capital:** Has served as the capital for five distinct political entities: Sichuan, Shu Han, Later Shu, Former Shu, and Cheng Han.
*   **Megacity Status:** One of China's major megacities with a population exceeding 20 million.
*   **Cultural Nicknames:** Known historically as the "City of the Hibiscus" (蓉城) and the "City of Brocades" (錦城).

## Body

### Governance and Administration
Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province and has been a sub-provincial division since 1989. The city's legislative body is the Chengdu Municipal People's Congress. The city's administration is subdivided into 20 distinct entities:
*   **Districts (12):** Jinjiang, Qingyang, Jinniu, Wuhou (which serves as the capital district), Chenghua, Longquanyi, Qingbaijiang, Xindu, Wenjiang, Shuangliu, Pidu, and Xinjin.
*   **Counties (3):** Jintang, Dayi, and Pujiang.
*   **County-level Cities (5):** Dujiangyan, Pengzhou, Qionglai, Chongzhou, and Jianyang.

### Geography and Climate
Located in Eastern Sichuan at coordinates 30.66°N, 104.06°E, Chengdu covers an area of 14,378 square kilometers. The city sits at an elevation of 500 meters. It experiences a climate with recorded temperature extremes, reaching a maximum of 40.1 degrees Celsius, with a specific record of 37.3 degrees recorded in 2018.

### Demographics
According to the Seventh National Population Census, Chengdu's permanent population reached 20,937,757 in 2020. The population is nearly evenly split by gender, with 10,415,116 females and 10,522,641 males. Historical population data shows consistent growth:
*   **1953:** 857,000
*   **1964:** 1,583,000
*   **1990:** 9,195,004
*   **2000:** 10,392,531
*   **2016:** 11,050,000

### History
Chengdu's inception dates back to approximately the year -031 (4th century BC). Historically, it has served as the capital for the Kingdom of Shu Han, Later Shu, Former Shu, and Cheng Han. Its jurisdictional history includes periods as part of Szechwan (1928–1949), Chuanxi (1950–1952), and Sichuan (from 1952 to present).

### International Relations
Chengdu has a robust international presence, including a subreddit (r/Chengdu) established in 2011. It is a member of the Creative Cities Network, World Tourism Cities Federation, and the League of Historical Cities. The city maintains sister city or friendship agreements with numerous global partners, including:
*   **Asia:** Chiang Mai (2013), Daegu (2015), Gimcheon (2000), Kathmandu (2016), Lahore (2015), Luang Prabang (2016), Medan (2002).
*   **Europe:** Bonn (2009), Łódź (2015), Ljubljana (1981), Maastricht (2012), Montpellier (1981), Sheffield (2010), Valencia (2017).
*   **Americas:** Nashville (2020), Phoenix (1987), Winnipeg (1988), Recife (2016), La Plata (2018).
*   **Oceania:** Hamilton (2014), Perth (2010).

### Identity and Symbols
The city's official name is 成都市. It is known by various aliases including "Ciudad de los brocades" (City of Brocades) and "Ciudad de los hibiscus" (City of Hibiscus). Its official symbols are the *Ginkgo biloba* tree and the *Hibiscus mutabilis* flower. The city is also identifiable by its codes, including the HASC code CN.SC.CD, the UN/LOCODE CNCTU, and the license plate prefixes 川A and 川G.

## References

1. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/linz-austria--a402.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
2. [Source](https://www.linz.at/politik/6390.php)
3. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/montpelier-france--a394.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
4. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/volgograd-russia--a425.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
5. [Source](http://www.volgadmin.ru/d/about/TwinCities)
6. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/palermo-italy--a411.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
7. [Source](https://www.comune.palermo.it/js/server/uploads/_20032019122906.pdf)
8. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/kofu-japan--a432.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
9. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/ljubljana-slovenia--a395.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
10. [Source](https://saint-petersburg.ru/m/spb/old/221286/)
11. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/winnipeg-canada--a440.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
12. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/medan-indonesia--a434.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
13. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/phoenix-usa--a438.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
14. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/mechelen-belgium--a408.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
15. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/lodz-poland--a1504.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
16. [International cooperation. Chengdu](https://uml.lodz.pl/en/dla-mieszkancow/o-miescie/international-cooperation/chengdu/)
17. [Ченду (кит. Chéngdū), Китайська Народна Республіка](https://www.lvivrada.gov.ua/component/k2/item/6607-chendu-kyt-chengdu-,-kytaysyka-narodna-respublika)
18. [Source](https://www.lvivrada.gov.ua/informacia/mista-partnery)
19. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/zapopan-mexico-a6792.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
20. [CHENGDU AND ITS SISTER CITIES HAIFA ISRAEL AND HORSENS DENMARK](http://www.investinchengdu.com/chengdu-and-it-sister-cities-haifa-israel-and-horsens-denmark.html)
21. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/sheffield-britain--a423.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
22. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/recife-a2869.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
23. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/perth-australia--a441.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
24. [Source](https://perth.wa.gov.au/council/partnerships/sister-cities)
25. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/maputo-mozambique-a8400.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
26. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/maastricht-netherlands--a429.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
27. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/luang-prabang-laos--a4645.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
28. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/lahore-a1109.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
29. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/la-plata-argentina-a8399.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
30. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/kathmandu-a2888.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
31. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/horsens-denmark--a430.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
32. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/honolulu-usa--a439.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
33. [Source](https://www4.honolulu.gov/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-110271/RES11-072,%20CD1.pdf)
34. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/hamilton-new-zealand--a735.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
35. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/haifa-israel--a437.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
36. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/gomel-belarus-a8401.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
37. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/gimcheon-south-korea--a433.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
38. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/province-of-flemish-brabant-belgium--a410.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
39. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/the-city-of-fez-a2378.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
40. [Source](https://www.fescity.com/investissements-fes-interesse-chinois/)
41. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/county-of-fingal-ireland--a431.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
42. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/dalarna-sweden--a417.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
43. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/daegu-south-korea--a1879.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
44. [Source](https://www.daegu.go.kr/english/index.do?menu_id=00000762)
45. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/chiang-mai-thailand--a436.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
46. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/bonn-germany--a418.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
47. [Source](https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/bangalore-india--a435.html?xcSID=04j06l2e0bo8q3o2mh7ud63pm2)
48. [Türkiye-Çin ilişkilerinde İzmir dönemi](https://www.izmir.bel.tr/tr/Haberler/turkiye-cin-iliskilerinde-izmir-donemi/40850/156)
49. [Source](https://www.levante-emv.com/valencia/2017/05/10/valencia-firma-hermanamiento-ciudad-china/1564966.html)
50. [Sister cities. Chengdu](https://www.scnashville.org/chengdu-china.html)