# Changchun

> capital city of Jilin Province, China

**Wikidata**: [Q92161](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92161)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changchun)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/changchun

## Summary
Changchun is the capital city of Jilin Province in the People's Republic of China and a sub‑province‑level prefecture‑level city. It is a major northeastern Chinese metropolis with an area of 24,734.13 km², a 2020 permanent population of 9,066,906 (Seventh National Population Census), and serves as an administrative, industrial, educational, transport and cultural hub for the region.

## Key Facts
- Official name: 长春市 (current official name since 1945‑12‑20); formerly 新京 (Xinjing) between 1932‑03‑14 and 1945‑12‑19; also recorded as 长春市 for earlier 1932 dates.
- Instance of: sub‑province‑level division; city; big city (population ≥100,000); prefecture‑level city.
- Country: People's Republic of China (preferred current country). Historical country: Manchukuo (start 1932‑02‑18, end 1945‑08‑19).
- Capital of: Jilin Province (start 1954) and formerly capital of Manchukuo (start 1932, end 1945).
- Inception / founding year: 1889.
- Area: 24,734.13 square kilometres.
- Coordinates: latitude 43.88, longitude 125.32277777778.
- Elevation above sea level: 222 metres.
- Population (2010): 7,674,439 (point in time 2010).
- Population (2020, preferred): 9,066,906 permanent population as of the Seventh National Population Census (point in time 2020).
- Timezone: UTC+08:00.
- Postal code: 130000.
- Local dialing code: 431.
- Licence plate code: 吉A.
- UN/LOCODE: CNCGC.
- Area contains administrative entities: Nanguan District; Kuancheng District; Chaoyang District; Erdao District; Luyuan District; Shuangyang District; Jiutai District; Nong'an County; Yushu (county‑level city); Dehui (county‑level city); Gongzhuling; Changchun Automobile Economic and Technological Development Zone.
- Owner/operator of urban transit: owner_of Lines 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 of Changchun Rail Transit; specifically associated with rapid transit Line 1 and Line 2.
- Transport infrastructure: Changchun Longjia International Airport (inception 2005‑01‑01) is an airport in Jilin Province serving Changchun.
- Major headquartered organizations located in Changchun: FAW Group (inception 1953‑07‑15; Chinese state‑owned automobile manufacturer); FAW‑Volkswagen; FAW Jie Fang; FAW Car Company; Hongqi (brand headquartered in Changchun); Changchun Film Studio (inception 1945‑10‑01); Changchun Longjia International Airport (inception 2005‑01‑01).
- Higher education headquartered in Changchun: Northeast Normal University (inception 1946); Changchun University of Science and Technology (inception 1958); Changchun University (inception 1946).
- Sports clubs headquartered in Changchun: Changchun Yatai F.C. (inception 1996); Changchun Zhuoyue (women's association football club; inception 2000); Jilin Northeast Tigers (inception 1956; basketball).
- Public transit heritage: Trams in Changchun (inception 1937) — a heritage tram system complementing Changchun Rail Transit.
- Significant historical event associated: Siege of Changchun.
- Historical administrations / location timeline: Eastern Provinces Special Region (start 1921, end 1932‑03‑08), Manchukuo (start 1932‑03‑09, end 1945‑09‑02), Soviet occupation of Manchuria (start 1945‑09‑03, end 1946‑03‑31), Kirin (1946‑04‑01 to 1948‑10‑20), People's Republic of China (various located_in qualifiers through 1953–1954), located in Jilin Province (start_time 1954‑08‑01, preferred).
- Aliases and alternative names: Hsinking; Xinjing; 长春; Синьцзин; 장춘시; 지린성 장춘시; 지린성 창춘시.
- Official / municipal websites: http://www.changchun.gov.cn (Simplified Chinese); http://en.changchun.gov.cn (English); http://jp.changchun.gov.cn (Japanese); http://kr.changchun.gov.cn (Korean); http://ru.changchun.gov.cn (Russian).
- Media and images: montage image https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Changchun_Montage_2017.png; page banner https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Changchun_Banner.jpg; montage_image duplicate link provided; spherical panorama image link provided.
- Identifiers and authority files: Wikidata  (entity context); freebase_id /m/01l3md; geonames_id 2038180; viaf_id 139753859; gnd_id 4264120-2; fast_id 1328500; idref_id 237267950; musicbrainz_area_id 27bd2f9e-2ef4-4886-8aec-65834e44582e; library_of_congress_authority_id n2003070627; ndl_authority_id 00641597; worldcat_entities_id E39PBJbtjhyHWKBch4cqxM7mBP; inaturalist_place_id 28030; who's_on_first_id 102027947.
- Wikimedia / language coverage: wikipedia_title Changchun; extensive Wikipedia language coverage listed; commons_category Changchun; commons_gallery 长春市.
- Other catalogue IDs and references: curlie_id Regional/Asia/China/Jilin/Changchun/; treccani_id changchun; encyclopædia_universalis_id changchun‑tch‑ang‑tch‑ouen‑ville; encyclopædia_britannica_online_id place/Changchun.
- Twinned / sister cities: Nuuk; Novi Sad (start 1981‑11‑10); Masterton (start 1996‑11‑06); Montreuil (start 2008‑05‑06); Taebaek; Little Rock (start 1994‑06‑22); Minsk (start 1992‑05‑18); Žilina (start 1992‑11‑23); Ulsan (start 1994‑03‑15); Windsor (start 1992‑08‑25); Flint; Belgorod; Wolfsburg (start 2006‑06‑12); Krasnoyarsk (start 2014‑12‑01); Birmingham (start 1983‑07‑07); Chongjin (start 2003‑10‑25); Mora Municipality (start 2005‑01‑01); Plovdiv (start 2011‑11‑11); Prachin Buri (start 2011‑09‑22); Sendai (start 1980‑10‑20); Tijuana (start 2009‑04‑01); Ulan‑Ude (start 2000‑09‑27); Warrnambool (start 2013‑11‑16); Chitose; Kanegasaki (start 1989‑02‑01); Hjørring (start 2017‑11‑17); Székesfehérvár (start 2010); Pairs of other cities listed as twinned.
- Described by historical encyclopedias: Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary; Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947); Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 8.
- Category / mapping: category_for_maps_or_plans Category:Maps of Changchun; category_for_people_born_here and category_for_people_who_died_here entries exist.
- Significant structural and civic bodies: People's Government of Jilin Province has headquarters in Changchun; Jilin Meteorological Bureau and Jilin Weather Modification Office headquartered in Changchun.
- Other civic identifiers: china_division_code_by_mca 220100; china_division_code_for_statistics "22 01"; postal and local codes as above.
- Notable transport connection: Changchun–Jilin intercity railway lists Changchun as headquarters; Changchun Rail Transit rapid transit/light metro/light rail lines include Line 1 and Line 2 associated with the city.
- Notable cultural/economic entities: Changchun Film Studio (headquarters in Changchun); FAW Group headquarters in Changchun; Yatai Group private conglomerate with headquarters in Changchun (inception 1993).

## FAQs
Q: What is Changchun?
A: Changchun is the capital city of Jilin Province in northeastern China. It is a sub‑province‑level prefecture‑level city and an administrative, industrial and educational center.

Q: What is the population and area of Changchun?
A: Changchun covers 24,734.13 km². Its permanent population was 9,066,906 in 2020 according to the Seventh National Population Census; an earlier census recorded 7,674,439 in 2010.

Q: What are Changchun’s historical names and political roles?
A: Changchun has been known as Hsinking and Xinjing; it served as the capital of Manchukuo from 1932 until 1945, and became the capital of Jilin Province starting in 1954.

Q: Which major companies and institutions are based in Changchun?
A: Major headquartered organizations include FAW Group (state‑owned automobile manufacturer), FAW‑Volkswagen, FAW Jie Fang, Changchun Film Studio, and several universities including Northeast Normal University and Changchun University of Science and Technology.

Q: What transport and infrastructure does Changchun have?
A: Changchun operates multiple Changchun Rail Transit lines (Lines 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8) and is served by Changchun Longjia International Airport (inception 2005‑01‑01). A heritage tram system dates back to 1937.

Q: What international relationships does Changchun maintain?
A: Changchun has an extensive sister‑city network including Novi Sad, Minsk, Ulsan, Little Rock, Windsor, Sendai and many others, with partnership start dates recorded for many twinning arrangements.

Q: What are key civic identifiers and codes for Changchun?
A: Postal code 130000; local dialing code 431; licence plate prefix 吉A; UN/LOCODE CNCGC; timezone UTC+08:00.

Q: What major historical events is Changchun associated with?
A: Changchun is associated with the Siege of Changchun and with historical administrations including Eastern Provinces Special Region, Manchukuo, the Soviet occupation of Manchuria, and later integration into the People’s Republic of China.

## Why It Matters
Changchun matters because it is the administrative capital of Jilin Province and a regional hub with wide influence across government, industry, education, culture and transport in northeastern China. As the headquarters of FAW Group and multiple major automotive enterprises, Changchun is central to China’s automobile manufacturing cluster in the region. Its Changchun Film Studio and higher education institutions anchor cultural and academic life. The city’s transport infrastructure — municipal rapid transit lines, a heritage tram system (since 1937), the Changchun–Jilin intercity railway and Longjia International Airport (since 2005) — positions it as a major mobility and logistics node. Historically, Changchun’s role as Hsinking/Xinjing (capital of Manchukuo) and its experience during the Soviet occupation and the Siege of Changchun mark it as a site of significant 20th‑century geopolitical and wartime events; these histories shaped its urban development and administrative status. The city’s large population and broad international ties via sister‑city relationships also underline its regional and global connections.

## Notable For
- Being the capital city of Jilin Province and a sub‑province‑level prefecture‑level city.
- Headquarters of major automotive enterprises, notably FAW Group (state‑owned).
- Historical role as Hsinking/Xinjing, the capital of Manchukuo (1932–1945).
- Changchun Film Studio headquartered in the city (inception 1945‑10‑01).
- A heritage tram system dating from 1937 that complements the modern Changchun Rail Transit.
- Hosting Changchun Longjia International Airport (since 2005‑01‑01).
- Large metropolitan population: 9,066,906 permanent residents in 2020 (Seventh National Population Census).
- Extensive international twinning relationships spanning multiple continents.
- Administrative area of 24,734.13 km² and elevation of 222 m.

## Body

### Overview
- Changchun (native label 长春市) is a major city in northeastern China and the capital of Jilin Province.  
- It is classified as a sub‑province‑level division, city, big city and a prefecture‑level city.  
- The municipal area is 24,734.13 km² and lies at coordinates 43.88°N, 125.32277777778°E with an elevation of 222 m.

### Names and Official Status
- Current official name: 长春市 (assigned on 1945‑12‑20).  
- Historical official names: 新京 (Xinjing) used from 1932‑03‑14 to 1945‑12‑19; the name 长春市 also appears in municipal records around 1932.  
- Common aliases include Hsinking and Xinjing, and multilingual forms (e.g., Синьцзин, 장춘시).  
- Changchun has been the capital of Jilin Province since 1954; it was previously the capital of Manchukuo (1932–1945).

### Administrative History and Located‑In Timeline
- Eastern Provinces Special Region: Changchun was located in this region from 1921 until 1932‑03‑08.  
- Manchukuo: the city was located within Manchukuo from 1932‑03‑09 until 1945‑09‑02 and served as its capital (Hsinking/Xinjing).  
- Soviet occupation of Manchuria: 1945‑09‑03 to 1946‑03‑31 — Changchun was within the area of Soviet occupation.  
- Subsequent transitional administrative labels include Kirin (1946‑04‑01 to 1948‑10‑20) and the People’s Republic of China in early 1950s administrative records.  
- From 1954‑08‑01 onward, Changchun is recorded as located in Jilin Province (preferred current located_in).

### Demographics
- 2010 census population: 7,674,439 (point in time 2010).  
- 2020 permanent population: 9,066,906 (preferred figure), recorded with qualifiers and derived from the Seventh National Population Census of the People’s Republic of China.  
- Classified as a "big city" by instance_of property due to population exceeding 100,000.

### Economy and Major Organizations
- FAW Group, a Chinese state‑owned automobile manufacturer (inception 1953‑07‑15), is headquartered in Changchun. Related automotive entities headquartered in Changchun include FAW‑Volkswagen, FAW Jie Fang (inception 2003‑01‑18 for company formation details), FAW Car Company (inception 1997), and the Hongqi brand (inception 1958 as brand).  
- Yatai Group, a private conglomerate enterprise (inception 1993), lists Changchun as its headquarters.  
- Changchun Film Studio, a Chinese film production company, has headquarters in Changchun and an inception date recorded as 1945‑10‑01.  
- The Central Bank of Manchou (inception 1932‑06‑15) is associated historically with headquarters locations including Changchun.

### Transport and Infrastructure
- Changchun Longjia International Airport serves the city and has inception recorded as 2005‑01‑01.  
- Changchun operates and/or owns multiple lines of the Changchun Rail Transit rapid transit/light metro/light rail system: Lines 1, 2 (explicitly in Owned/Operated by), and ownership noted for Lines 3, 4 and 8 as well.  
- The city hosts a heritage tram system (Trams in Changchun), in operation since 1937, which complements the modern rapid transit.  
- Changchun–Jilin intercity railway lists Changchun as its headquarters location.  
- Important transport identifiers: UN/LOCODE CNCGC.

### Education and Research
- Major universities headquartered in Changchun include Northeast Normal University (inception 1946), Changchun University of Science and Technology (inception 1958), and Changchun University (inception 1946).  
- Jilin Province Science and Technology Department and the Changchun Bureau of Science and Technology have headquarters located in Changchun (with specific grid coordinates provided in official records).

### Government and Civic Bodies
- The People's Government of Jilin Province is headquartered in Changchun; its headquarters coordinates are recorded (lat 43.895197, lon 125.321879).  
- Jilin Meteorological Bureau and Jilin Weather Modification Office are headquartered in Changchun with recorded coordinates.  
- Changchun has a municipal legislative_body (references dated 2021‑04‑17).

### Culture, Sports and Media
- Changchun Film Studio anchors part of the city’s film and cultural sector (inception 1945‑10‑01).  
- Sporting organizations include Changchun Yatai F.C. (football, inception 1996), Changchun Zhuoyue (women’s football, inception 2000), and the Jilin Northeast Tigers (basketball, inception 1956).

### Historical Events
- The city is associated with the Siege of Changchun (listed as a significant_event).  
- The city’s twentieth‑century history includes periods as capital of Manchukuo (Hsinking/Xinjing) and occupation/administrative transitions through Soviet occupation and repatriation into PRC provincial structures.

### Administrative Subdivisions and Contained Entities
- Changchun contains multiple urban districts and county‑level entities: Nanguan District; Kuancheng District; Chaoyang District; Erdao District; Luyuan District; Shuangyang District; Jiutai District; Nong'an County; Yushu; Dehui; Gongzhuling; and the Changchun Automobile Economic and Technological Development Zone.

### International Relations and Twinning
- Changchun maintains a broad worldwide sister‑city program with many municipalities, including but not limited to Novi Sad (est. 1981‑11‑10), Minsk (1992‑05‑18), Žilina (1992‑11‑23), Ulsan (1994‑03‑15), Little Rock (1994‑06‑22), Windsor (1992‑08‑25), Sendai (1980‑10‑20), Montreuil (2008‑05‑06), Wolfsburg (2006‑06‑12), Krasnoyarsk (2014‑12‑01), and many others spanning Europe, Asia, Americas and Oceania.

### Identifiers, Catalogues and Media
- Authority and catalogue identifiers include viaf_id 139753859, gnd_id 4264120-2, freebase_id /m/01l3md, geonames_id 2038180, fast_id 1328500, idref_id 237267950 and others listed in municipal records.  
- Visual assets and banners are preserved on Wikimedia Commons with links to montage and banner images provided in municipal metadata.

### Sources and Encyclopedic Descriptions
- Changchun is described by historical reference works such as Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947), and the Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia (vol. 8). Modern municipal and statistical references are recorded in official sources cited for population and administrative status.

### Maps and Category Data
- Locator map image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/China_Jilin_Changchun.svg.  
- Category and mapping tags include Category:Maps of Changchun and Category:People from Changchun for biographical indexing.

### Technical and Miscellaneous Data
- China division codes: china_division_code_by_mca 220100; china_division_code_for_statistics "22 01".  
- Other IDs include musicbrainz_area_id, worldcat_entities_id, online_pwn_encyclopedia_id, spherical panorama assets, and a range of national and international library authority numbers.

(End of entry)

## References

1. GEOnet Names Server. 2018
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4. [Source](http://www.novisad.rs/eng/links)
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31. [Source](http://en.changchun.gov.cn/yc/Europe/Mora/201307/t20130716_1083891.htm)
32. [Source](http://en.changchun.gov.cn/yhcs3/ml/ycgk10/)
33. [Source](https://morakommun.se/kommun-och-politik/samhallsutveckling-och-hallbarhet/vanorter.html)
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35. [Source](https://www.plovdiv.bg/en/about-plovdiv/побратимени-градове/)
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39. [Source](http://en.changchun.gov.cn/yc/Asia/Sendai/201307/t20130712_1082952.htm)
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41. [Source](http://en.changchun.gov.cn/yc/Americas/Tijuana/201307/t20130716_1083906.htm)
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43. [Source](http://en.changchun.gov.cn/yhcs3/wlwd/ycgk9/)
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