# Chandrayaan-1

> India's first lunar exploration mission

**Wikidata**: [Q49011](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49011)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrayaan-1)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/chandrayaan-1

## Summary
Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar exploration mission, operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Launched on October 22, 2008, the unmanned lunar orbiter weighed 1,380 kilograms and carried a suite of eleven scientific instruments. The mission successfully deployed a Moon Impact Probe and conducted remote sensing operations before being succeeded by Chandrayaan-2.

## Key Facts
- **Mission Type:** Lunar orbiter; India's first lunar exploration mission.
- **Launch Date:** October 22, 2008.
- **Launch Vehicle:** Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL (PSLV-XL).
- **Launch Site:** Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Second Launch Pad.
- **Operator:** Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
- **Mass:** 1,380 kilograms.
- **Power Consumption:** 750 watts.
- **COSPAR ID:** 2008-052A.
- **Successor:** Chandrayaan-2.
- **Significant Event:** Trans-lunar injection occurred on November 3, 2008.

## FAQs
### Q: When was Chandrayaan-1 launched?
A: Chandrayaan-1 launched on October 22, 2008, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad.

### Q: What instruments did Chandrayaan-1 carry?
A: The spacecraft carried multiple payloads, including the Moon Impact Probe, Terrain Mapping Camera, Hyper Spectral Imager, Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument, High Energy X-ray spectrometer, Moon Mineralogy Mapper, SIR-2, Sub-keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer, Miniature Synthetic Aperture Radar, and Radiation Dose Monitor-7.

### Q: What was the mass and power specification of the spacecraft?
A: Chandrayaan-1 had a total mass of 1,380 kilograms and a power consumption of 750 watts.

## Why It Matters
Chandrayaan-1 represents a critical milestone in the Chandrayaan programme and India's space exploration history. As the nation's first venture beyond Earth's orbit, it established the Indian Space Research Organisation's capability to execute complex lunar missions. The mission's classification as a lunar remote sensing orbiter indicates its primary role in gathering scientific data about the Moon's surface and atmosphere.

The spacecraft served as a platform for international and domestic scientific instruments, carrying a diverse payload array including the Moon Mineralogy Mapper and Terrain Mapping Camera. The successful deployment of the Moon Impact Probe demonstrated critical technologies for future lunar contact missions. Furthermore, the mission set the stage for the subsequent Chandrayaan-2 mission, serving as the foundational "first" in India's continued lunar exploration strategy. Its successful launch via the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL also validated the rocket's configuration for deep space launches.

## Notable For
- Being **India's first lunar exploration mission**.
- Carrying **11 scientific payloads**, including the **Moon Impact Probe**.
- Utilizing the **Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL** configuration.
- Performing **lunar remote sensing** and mapping via instruments like the **Moon Mineralogy Mapper** and **Miniature Synthetic Aperture Radar**.
- Achieving **trans-lunar injection** on November 3, 2008.

## Body

### Mission Overview
Chandrayaan-1 was a lunar orbiter designed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was the inaugural mission of the Chandrayaan programme. The spacecraft launched on October 22, 2008, at 00:52 UTC from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad. It achieved trans-lunar injection on November 3, 2008, setting it on a trajectory to orbit the Moon.

### Technical Specifications
The spacecraft had a total mass of 1,380 kilograms and operated on a power consumption of 750 watts. Its primary navigation and identification codes included the COSPAR ID 2008-052A and the NAIF ID -86.

### Payloads and Components
Chandrayaan-1 functioned as a lunar remote sensing orbiter equipped with a specific set of scientific instruments. Its components included:
*   **Moon Impact Probe:** A lunar probe released by the orbiter.
*   **Imaging and Mapping:** Terrain Mapping Camera, Hyper Spectral Imager, and Moon Mineralogy Mapper.
*   **Spectrometry and Analysis:** High Energy X-ray spectrometer, Sub-keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer, and SIR-2.
*   **Radar and Ranging:** Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument and Miniature Synthetic Aperture Radar.
*   **Monitoring:** Radiation Dose Monitor-7.

### Program Context
The mission is part of the broader Chandrayaan programme. It was succeeded by Chandrayaan-2, India's second lunar exploration mission.

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## References

1. Jonathan's Space Report
2. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
3. [Source](https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/chandrayaan-1)
4. [Source](https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/C/req/naif_ids.html)