# České dráhy

> Czech passenger rail transport operator

**Wikidata**: [Q304944](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304944)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/České_dráhy)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/ceske-drahy

## Summary
České dráhy (ČD) is the primary passenger rail transport operator in the Czech Republic, headquartered in Prague. Founded in 2003, it operates a national railway network and serves as a key infrastructure provider for Czech passenger transport, including high-speed and regional services.

## Key Facts
- **Type**: Railway company, passenger transport operator
- **Founded**: 2003
- **Headquarters**: Prague, Czech Republic
- **Parent Organization**: Czech Republic (state-owned)
- **Subsidiaries**: ČD Cargo (freight operations), Výzkumný Ústav Železniční (rail research institute)
- **Key Services**: Rail transport, high-speed trains (e.g., Railjet), commuter rail (Esko), regional and international services (e.g., Vindobona, Hungaria)
- **Locomotives Operated**: Multiple classes, including ČD Class 680, ČD Class 371, ČD Class 380, and historic locomotives like ČSD E 669.1 and ČSD Class T 234.0
- **Memberships**: International Union of Railways, Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies
- **Financials**:
  - Revenue: €37.76 billion (2023), €36.74 billion (2022)
  - Employees: 23,947 (2023), 23,542 (2022)
  - Net Profit: €1.32 billion (2023), -€1.40 billion (2021)
- **Website**: [cd.cz](https://www.cd.cz/)
- **Wikidata Description**: Czech passenger rail transport operator

## FAQs
- **What is České dráhy’s role in Czech transport?**
  České dráhy operates the national railway network in the Czech Republic, providing passenger services including high-speed, regional, and international trains.

- **Who owns České dráhy?**
  České dráhy is a state-owned enterprise under the Czech Republic, functioning as a public transport operator.

- **What are České dráhy’s key subsidiaries?**
  Its subsidiaries include ČD Cargo (freight operations) and Výzkumný Ústav Železniční (rail research).

- **Which international rail organizations is České dráhy affiliated with?**
  České dráhy is a member of the International Union of Railways and the Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies.

- **What types of trains does České dráhy operate?**
  České dráhy operates high-speed trains (e.g., Railjet), commuter rail (Esko), and regional services, as well as historic and modern locomotives.

- **Where is České dráhy headquartered?**
  Its headquarters is located in Prague, Czech Republic.

## Why It Matters
České dráhy is a critical infrastructure provider in the Czech Republic, ensuring national and international rail connectivity. It supports economic growth by facilitating passenger transport, including high-speed services like Railjet, and maintains historical rail heritage through the operation of vintage locomotives. As a state-owned enterprise, it plays a foundational role in Czech transport policy and regional development.

## Notable For
- **High-speed rail pioneer**: Operates Railjet, a high-speed service connecting Prague to Vienna and Berlin.
- **Historic locomotive preservation**: Maintains and operates historic locomotives like ČSD E 669.1 and ČSD Class T 234.0.
- **Modern rail infrastructure**: Manages Prague’s main railway station (Praha hlavní nádraží) and commuter rail systems (Esko).
- **International partnerships**: Collaborates with EU rail organizations and operates international trains like Vindobona and Hungaria.

## Body
### Overview
České dráhy (ČD) is the national passenger rail operator of the Czech Republic, established in 2003. It operates a comprehensive rail network, including high-speed, regional, and commuter services, and is a key member of international rail organizations.

### History
- Founded in 2003 as the successor to Československé dráhy (ČSD), the former state railway of Czechoslovakia.
- Inherited a vast legacy of locomotives and infrastructure from ČSD, including historic classes like ČSD E 669.1 and ČSD Class T 234.0.

### Services
- **High-speed**: Operates Railjet, a high-speed service connecting Prague to Vienna and Berlin.
- **Regional**: Provides regional and commuter rail services, including Esko Prague and Esko Moravian-Silesian Region.
- **International**: Operates international trains like Vindobona (Graz–Vienna–Prague) and Hungaria (Berlin–Prague–Bratislava–Budapest).

### Infrastructure
- **Main Stations**: Manages Praha hlavní nádraží, the largest railway station in the Czech Republic.
- **Locomotives**: Operates modern classes like ČD Class 680 and ČD Class 371, as well as historic locomotives.
- **Rolling Stock**: Includes electric multiple units like RegioPanter and ČD Class 660.

### Financials
- **Revenue**: €37.76 billion (2023), €36.74 billion (2022).
- **Employees**: 23,947 (2023), 23,542 (2022).
- **Net Profit**: €1.32 billion (2023), -€1.40 billion (2021).

### Subsidiaries
- **ČD Cargo**: Handles freight operations.
- **Výzkumný Ústav Železniční**: Conducts rail research and development.

### Memberships
- **International Union of Railways**: A member since 1922.
- **Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies**: A member since 1988.

### Legacy
- Preserves historic locomotives like ČSD E 426.0 and ČSD Class E 499.2.
- Maintains infrastructure like Praha hlavní nádraží and the Ještěd cable car.

### Related Projects
- **Railjet**: A high-speed service connecting Prague to Vienna and Berlin.
- **Esko**: Commuter rail systems in Prague and the Moravian-Silesian Region.
- **Vindobona and Hungaria**: International express trains operated in collaboration with neighboring countries.

## References

1. České dráhy Annual Report 2015
2. Vehicle Keeper Marking register
3. [Source](https://www.lobbyfacts.eu/datacard/české-dráhy-as?rid=112575639424-68)
4. [Compagnie Française d'Assurance pour le Commerce Extérieur. 2019](https://www.coface.cz/content/download/186543/3096111/file/CER-CZ-CEE_Top_500_2019_booklet.zip)
5. [Source](https://www.ceskedrahy.cz/sites/default/files/soubory-ke-stazeni/financni-zpravy/vyrocni-zprava_2023.pdf)
6. [Source](http://www.ceskedrahy.cz/tiskove-centrum/tiskove-zpravy/-31713/)
7. [trade register](https://or.justice.cz/ias/ui/rejstrik-firma.vysledky?subjektId=69800&typ=UPLNY)
8. Virtual International Authority File
9. [annual report. 2019](http://www.ceskedrahy.cz/assets/pro-investory/financni-zpravy/vyrocni-zpravy/vyrocni-zprava_1.pdf)
10. [Source](http://www.ceskedrahy.cz/assets/pro-investory/financni-zpravy/vyrocni-zpravy/vz_cd-2017_cz_f.pdf)
11. [Source](https://vademecum.uic.org/en/memberDetail/23)
12. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
13. [Source](https://www.cd.cz/default.htm)
14. [annual report](http://www.ceskedrahy.cz/assets/pro-investory/financni-zpravy/vyrocni-zpravy/vyrocni-zprava_2021.pdf)
15. [annual report](http://www.ceskedrahy.cz/assets/pro-investory/financni-zpravy/vyrocni-zpravy/vyrocni-zprava_2019.pdf)
16. [annual report](https://www.airport-k-vary.cz/download/file/050-Zprava_o_cinnosti_LKV_za_rok_2023.pdf)
17. [annual report](https://www.ceskedrahy.cz/sites/default/files/soubory-ke-stazeni/financni-zpravy/vyrocni-zprava_2024.pdf)
18. [annual report](https://www.ceskedrahy.cz/sites/default/files/2024-04/vyrocni-zprava_2022.pdf)
19. [Source](https://www.gleif.org/lei-files/20170831/GLEIF/20170831-GLEIF-concatenated-file.zip)
20. [Ministry of Regional Development of the Czech Republic](https://skd.nipez.cz/ISVZ/SKD/OpenData_SKD.aspx)
21. GRID Release 2015-12-14
22. [Source](https://iho.hu/hirek/bejottek-a-comfortjetek-nott-az-utasszam-csehorszagban)
23. [Source](https://www.kozlekedesvilag.hu/hir/vasut/tovabb-bovul-cseh-allamvasutak-utasainak-szama/)
24. Access to Registers of Economic Subjects
25. Name Suggestion Index
26. [European Register of Market Participants](https://www.acer-remit.eu/portal/export-public-eu-register)
27. [Seznam datových schránek : Právnické osoby. Ministry of the Interior](https://www.mojedatovaschranka.cz/sds/datafile?format=xml&service=seznam_ds_po)
28. Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands
29. Atlas