# Cerco Industrial
**Wikidata**: [Q98060685](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98060685)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/cerco-industrial

## Summary
The Cerco Industrial, also known as the Cerco Industrial de Peñarroya, is a former mining and industrial complex located in Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo, Spain. Founded in 1881 during the late modern period, the site spans a land parcel of approximately 409,545 square meters and is recognized as a Bien de Interés Cultural (Heritage of Cultural Interest). Owned by the Government of Andalusia, it is part of the National Plan for Industrial Heritage and contains numerous historical facilities, including iron foundries, chemical factories, and electrical substations.

## Key Facts
*   **Official Name:** Cerco Industrial (Alias: Cerco Industrial de Peñarroya).
*   **Location:** Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo, Spain (Coordinates: 38.29708218186521, -5.270384471968391).
*   **Inception:** 1881.
*   **Area:** 409,545 square meters (applies to land parcel).
*   **Ownership:** Government of Andalusia.
*   **Heritage Status:** Bien de Interés Cultural (designated start time: December 24, 2018).
*   **Classification:** Identified as a mine, a city, and an industrial building from the late modern period.
*   **Administrative Codes:** IAPH Code 01140520028; Guía Digital del Patrimonio Cultural de Andalucía ID i190305; SNARC ID Schmalkalden-Meiningen.
*   **Heritage Initiative:** Part of the "Plan Nacional de Patrimonio Industrial" (National Plan for Industrial Heritage).

## FAQs
**Where is the Cerco Industrial located?**
The industrial complex is situated in the municipality of Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo in Spain, with precise coordinates at latitude 38.29708218186521 and longitude -5.270384471968391.

**What is the historical significance of the site?**
Established in 1881, the site represents late modern period industrial activity. It is recognized as a Bien de Interés Cultural and is included in Spain's National Plan for Industrial Heritage, reflecting its importance to the region's mining and industrial history.

**Who owns and manages the Cerco Industrial?**
The complex is owned by the Government of Andalusia. It is documented and referenced in the Digital Guide to the Cultural Heritage of Andalusia.

**What specific facilities are located within the complex?**
The site comprises numerous industrial structures, including a sulfuric acid factory (and its chimney), a superphosphate factory (and its chimney), an iron foundry, fertilizer silos, electrical substations, and administrative offices.

## Why It Matters
The Cerco Industrial serves as a significant example of late modern industrial architecture and mining history in the Andalusia region. Its designation as a Bien de Interés Cultural underscores its cultural value, protecting a vast 409,545-square-meter landscape that once served as a hub for chemical production, metallurgy, and energy transformation. By being part of the Plan Nacional de Patrimonio Industrial, the site is recognized at a national level for its role in the historical development of industrial processes in Spain, specifically regarding the extraction and processing of minerals in the Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo basin.

## Notable For
*   **Scale:** Encompasses a land area of over 400,000 square meters.
*   **Industrial Diversity:** Hosts a wide variety of specialized facilities, from desilvering buildings (Edificio de la desplatación) to chemical storage and production plants.
*   **Heritage Protection:** Received the official heritage designation of "Bien de Interés Cultural" on December 24, 2018.
*   **Infrastructure:** Includes dedicated electrical transformation and transport substations, highlighting its self-sufficient industrial nature.
*   **Documentation:** Extensively cataloged with a high volume of specific component identifiers (Wikidata Q-codes) and included in digital heritage guides.

## Body

### Geography and Layout
The Cerco Industrial is geographically situated in Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo, a city in Spain. The physical site covers a substantial land parcel measured at 409,545 square meters. The precise geographic coordinates are 38.29708218186521 latitude and -5.270384471968391 longitude. The site is visually documented in historical records, such as the image file "La fundición de Peñarroya Pueblonuevo y la estación de la vía estrecha," which depicts the foundry and narrow-gauge railway station.

### Historical Context and Classification
The industrial site was established in 1881. Structured data classifies the entity in three distinct ways: as a mine, as a city (large human settlement), and as an industrial building, all contextualized within the late modern period. It is administratively part of the "Plan Nacional de Patrimonio Industrial," indicating its relevance to Spain's national industrial heritage strategy.

### Facilities and Components
The Cerco Industrial comprises an extensive list of sub-components and facilities, reflecting its function as a comprehensive mining and metallurgical center. Key named components include:
*   **Metalurgical Works:** Fundición de hierro (Iron foundry) and the Edificio de la desplatación, oficinas y torre (Desilvering building, offices, and tower).
*   **Chemical Plants:** Chimney of the sulfuric acid factory (Chimenea de la fábrica de ácido sulfúrico), warehouses for the sulfuric acid factory (Almacenes de la fábrica de ácido sulfúrico), and the chimney of the superphosphate factory (Chimenea de la fábrica de superfosfatos).
*   **Storage and Utilities:** Silos de fertilizantes (Fertilizer silos), Subestación de transformación y transporte (Transformation and transport substation), and an electrical substation next to the Pozo Hamal (Subestación eléctrica junto al Pozo Hamal).

Additionally, the complex consists of numerous other structural elements referenced by specific identifiers (e.g., Wikidata Q-codes such as Q98060877, Q98060827, etc.), indicating a highly granular level of preservation and documentation for the site's various ruins and machinery.

### Heritage and Administration
Ownership of the Cerco Industrial is held by the Government of Andalusia. The site's cultural significance was formalized on December 24, 2018, when it was designated a "Bien de Interés Cultural." It is cataloged in the Guía Digital del Patrimonio Cultural de Andalucía with the ID `i190305` and holds an IAPH (Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico) code of `01140520028`. An associated SNARC ID lists "Schmalkalden-Meiningen." The site is categorized under the "Cerco Industrial, Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo" category on Wikimedia Commons, with sitelinks available in Spanish and Commons.

## References

1. Digital Guide to the Cultural Heritage of Andalusia
2. [CERCO INDUSTRIAL DE PEÑARROYA](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1u-YVu4Aw5bK-dgnOkidKEUu8sW_Uz98l/view)