# Córdoba

> municipality in the province of Córdoba, Spain

**Wikidata**: [Q5818](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5818)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Córdoba,_Spain)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/c-rdoba

## Summary
Córdoba is a municipality in the province of Córdoba in Andalusia, southern Spain. It is a historically rich city (coordinates 37.89° N, -4.78° W) known for major heritage sites such as the Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba and the nearby 10th‑century archaeological site Madinat Al‑Zahra.

## Key Facts
- Municipality name: Córdoba (aliases: Cordova, Cordoba, Cordova municipality, Municipality of Cordova).
- Country: Spain (Kingdom of Spain).
- Province: Córdoba Province, Spain.
- Comarca (part of): Comarca de Córdoba.
- Coordinates: latitude 37.89, longitude -4.78.
- Official website: https://www.cordoba.es/
- Wikidata description: municipality in the province of Córdoba, Spain.
- Wikipedia title: "Córdoba, Spain".
- Sitelink count (Wikidata): 139.
- Population (multiple reported values from source): 328,704; 328,841; 328,659; 328,547; 328,428; 325,453; 323,600; 322,867; 321,164; 319,692; 318,628; 314,805; 314,034; 328,041; 327,362; 326,609; 325,916; 325,708; 325,701; 326,039; 322,071; 319,515; 323,763; 322,811; 323,262.
- Major heritage site in the city: historic centre of Córdoba (listed as a World Heritage Site).
- Notable archaeological site nearby: Madinat Al‑Zahra (founded c. 1000; UNESCO World Heritage Site; address Carretera Palma del Río Km 5,5., 14005 Córdoba).
- Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba: listed as a cathedral (former mosque) in Córdoba; inception year recorded as 0786.
- Córdoba Synagogue: historic edifice in the Jewish Quarter; inception year recorded as 1314.
- Madinat Al‑Zahra inception: c. 1000; recognized as a 10th‑century archaeological palace‑city.
- Puerta del Puente: city gate in Córdoba.
- Puente romano (Roman Bridge): bridge in Córdoba.
- City walls of Córdoba: cultural property in Córdoba.
- Caliphal baths of Córdoba (ancient medieval baths): inception recorded c. 1000; now a museum.
- Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos: castle in Córdoba.
- Torre de la Calahorra: arch/watchtower in Córdoba.
- Puerta de Almodóvar: archaeological site in Córdoba; inception approx. 1000.
- Mausoleo romano Puerta Gallegos: 1st century mausoleum in southern Spain (associated with Córdoba area).
- Basílica del Juramento de San Rafael: church building in Córdoba; inception 1796.
- Iglesia de Santa Marina de Aguas Santas: building in Córdoba; inception 1201-01-17.
- Iglesia de San Pablo: inception recorded 1237.
- Iglesia de San Hipólito: inception recorded 1736.
- Iglesia de San Lorenzo Mártir: church in Córdoba.
- Iglesia de la Magdalena: church in Córdoba.
- Iglesia de San Miguel: Roman Catholic church in Córdoba.
- Royal Stables of Córdoba: 16th century stables in Córdoba.
- Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba: cultural property; inception 1868-01-01.
- Museum of Fine Arts of Córdoba: inception 1843.
- Museo Julio Romero de Torres: inception 1931-11-23.
- Palacio de la Merced: cultural property; inception c. 1300.
- Casa de Sefarad: building in Córdoba Province; inception 2006.
- Molino de la Albolafia: Islamic‑era watermill in Córdoba.
- Plaza de la Corredera and Plaza del Potro: notable public squares in Córdoba.
- Calleja de las Flores: street in Córdoba.
- Christ of the Lanterns: sculpture; inception recorded 1794.
- Plaza de Toros de los Califas: bullring; inception 1965-05-09.
- Córdoba CF (football club): inception 1906; headquartered in Córdoba.
- Córdoba CF B: association football club; inception 1997.
- Estadio Nuevo Arcángel: football stadium; inception 1993-11-07; listed as owned/operated in connection with the municipality.
- Córdoba Airport: airport associated with the city.
- Córdoba‑Julio Anguita railway station: railway station in Córdoba.
- University of Córdoba: inception 1972; headquartered in Córdoba.
- Loyola University Andalucía: Jesuit college; inception 2010-06-07; headquarters associated with Córdoba.
- Córdoba Public Library: inception 1842-01-01.
- Fundación Cajasol: foundation with activities in Córdoba; inception 2013.
- Diario Córdoba: newspaper; inception 1941-07-25; headquartered in Córdoba.
- Relevant archaeological/heritage entries connected to Córdoba: Madinat Al‑Zahra (Wikidata ), historic centre of Córdoba (World Heritage Site), and many listed monuments and museums above.
- Identifiers and categories: classified as a municipality of Spain (administrative territorial entity).  

## FAQs
Q: What is Córdoba and where is it located?
A: Córdoba is a municipality in the province of Córdoba in Andalusia, Spain, located at approximately 37.89° N, -4.78° W. It forms part of the Comarca de Córdoba and lies within Spanish national jurisdiction.

Q: How many people live in Córdoba?
A: The source lists multiple population counts from municipal data series; reported values include figures such as 328,704 and many other yearly counts ranging around 314,034–328,841. These represent recorded population values from different reporting moments in the provided dataset.

Q: Which major heritage and archaeological sites are in or near Córdoba?
A: Córdoba contains a UNESCO‑recognized historic centre and several major monuments including the Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba (inception 0786), the Roman bridge (Puente romano), the caliphal baths, and the nearby Madinat Al‑Zahra archaeological complex (founded c. 1000; UNESCO World Heritage Site; museum and visitor facilities).

Q: What cultural institutions and museums are in Córdoba?
A: Notable cultural institutions include the Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba (inception 1868), Museum of Fine Arts of Córdoba (inception 1843), Museo Julio Romero de Torres (inception 1931), Córdoba Public Library (inception 1842), and Casa de Sefarad (inception 2006).

Q: What educational institutions are located in Córdoba?
A: The University of Córdoba (inception 1972) and Loyola University Andalucía (inception 2010) have headquarters or campuses associated with Córdoba.

Q: What sports and transport infrastructure does Córdoba have?
A: Córdoba hosts Córdoba CF (founded 1906) and Córdoba CF B (1997). The Estadio Nuevo Arcángel (inception 1993-11-07) is the main football stadium. Transport facilities include Córdoba Airport and Córdoba‑Julio Anguita railway station.

Q: Where can I find official information and online resources for Córdoba?
A: Official municipal information is available at https://www.cordoba.es/. Additional heritage and museum resources include the Madinat Al‑Zahra official pages and listings for the city's historic centre.

## Why It Matters
Córdoba matters as a concentrated repository of layered Mediterranean and Iberian history. Its urban fabric preserves Roman, Islamic (Umayyad and caliphal), Jewish, and Christian monuments that illustrate centuries of cultural interchange. The city’s historic centre and associated archaeological sites such as Madinat Al‑Zahra provide primary evidence for the political, artistic, and technological achievements of al‑Andalus and earlier Roman presence, making Córdoba essential to studies of medieval urbanism, Islamic architecture in Europe, and interreligious coexistence in Iberian history. Córdoba’s museums, university institutions, and cultural organizations maintain, interpret, and disseminate that heritage, supporting academic research, tourism, and regional identity. As an active municipal center with modern infrastructure (airport, rail, stadium) and ongoing cultural programming, Córdoba links heritage preservation with contemporary civic life and local economy.

## Notable For
- Hosting the Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba, a major monument originating in 0786 that exemplifies Córdoba’s Islamic and Christian architectural layers.
- Proximity to Madinat Al‑Zahra, a 10th‑century Umayyad palace‑city (founded c. 1000) that is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a cornerstone of Córdoba’s archaeological significance.
- Possessing a UNESCO‑listed historic centre and multiple preserved Roman and medieval structures, including the Roman bridge (Puente romano) and city walls.
- Concentration of museums and cultural institutions founded across two centuries (e.g., Museo Arqueológico 1868, Museum of Fine Arts 1843, Museo Julio Romero de Torres 1931).
- A long documented civic and religious building timeline spanning from Roman-era mausoleums (Mausoleo romano Puerta Gallegos, 1st century) through medieval synagogues (Córdoba Synagogue, 1314) to modern cultural facilities.
- Serving as a hub for higher education with the University of Córdoba (1972) and Loyola University Andalucía (2010).
- Maintaining civic infrastructure for sport and events, including Córdoba CF (founded 1906) and Estadio Nuevo Arcángel (1993-11-07).
- A municipal identity with multiple historic public spaces and monuments such as Plaza de la Corredera, Plaza del Potro, Calleja de las Flores, Molino de la Albolafia, and Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos.

## Body

### Overview
Córdoba is a municipality in southern Spain’s autonomous community of Andalusia, administratively within Córdoba Province and the Comarca de Córdoba. The city is identified on maps at latitude 37.89 and longitude -4.78 and maintains an official municipal website at https://www.cordoba.es/. Wikidata identifies it explicitly as a municipality in the province of Córdoba, Spain; the Wikidata sitelink count for the municipality is 139.

### Geography & Location
- Coordinates: 37.89° N, -4.78° W.
- Administrative placement: part of Córdoba Province and the Comarca de Córdoba in Andalusia, Spain.
- Connectivity: served by Córdoba Airport and Córdoba‑Julio Anguita railway station.

### Administrative Status & Classification
- Administrative type: municipality of Spain (an LAU2/local administrative unit in the Spanish system).
- Parent administrative units: Córdoba Province; Comarca de Córdoba; country: Spain.
- Municipality aliases include Cordova, Cordoba, Cordova municipality, and Municipality of Cordova.
- Online presence: official municipal website https://www.cordoba.es/.

### Demographics
- The source provides multiple recorded population values from municipal datasets. Representative figures provided include 328,704 and a series of values around 314,034–328,841, indicating populations reported at different reference years or counts.

### Cultural Heritage & Major Monuments
- Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba: listed as a cathedral and former mosque located in the city; inception recorded as 0786 in the source dataset.
- Historic centre of Córdoba: designated a World Heritage Site (listed as such in the source).
- Madinat Al‑Zahra: archaeological palace‑city founded around the year 1000, located approximately 5.5 km west of the city center at Carretera Palma del Río Km 5,5., 14005 Córdoba; operated as the Conjunto Arqueológico Madinat Al‑Zahra with museum and visitor facilities and inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (details and identifiers available via its own dataset).
- Puente romano: Roman bridge in Córdoba, notable city landmark.
- City walls of Córdoba: protected cultural property.
- Caliphal baths of Córdoba: medieval baths with inception around 1000, now functioning as a museum.
- Puerta del Puente and Puerta de Almodóvar: historic gates/archaeological sites connected to the city’s historic walls and urban fabric.
- Torre de la Calahorra and Torre de Belén: defensive/watchtower structures associated with Córdoba’s riverfront and bridges.
- Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos: historic castle in Córdoba.
- Mausoleo romano Puerta Gallegos: a 1st century mausoleum in southern Spain associated with the region’s Roman past.
- Molino de la Albolafia: Islamic-era watermill connected to the Guadalquivir river and historic urban water management.

### Archaeology & Madinat Al‑Zahra (detailed connection)
- Madinat Al‑Zahra is directly associated with Córdoba as a major archaeological site of the Umayyad Caliphate and is included in municipal and regional cultural circuits. Its founding c. 1000 and UNESCO status emphasize Córdoba’s role as a center of political and ceremonial power in al‑Andalus during the 10th century. The site includes preserved palaces, hydraulic systems, bridges, and associated components (e.g., Almunia de Turruñuelos, Canteras de Santa Ana de la Albaida).

### Religious and Historic Buildings
- Historic synagogues and churches exist within Córdoba’s urban core: Córdoba Synagogue (1314), Iglesia de Santa Marina de Aguas Santas (1201-01-17), Iglesia de San Pablo (1237), Iglesia de San Hipólito (1736), and multiple other ecclesiastical buildings and chapels, reflecting layered religious history.

### Museums, Libraries & Cultural Institutions
- Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba (inception 1868-01-01) holds archaeological collections for the city and region.
- Museum of Fine Arts of Córdoba (inception 1843) displays fine arts collections.
- Museo Julio Romero de Torres (inception 1931-11-23) is devoted to the painter Julio Romero de Torres.
- Córdoba Public Library (inception 1842-01-01) and Casa de Sefarad (inception 2006) are part of the city’s cultural infrastructure.
- Fundación Cajasol has operational activities focused on social and cultural programming in Córdoba (inception 2013).

### Education & Research
- University of Córdoba: established or recorded inception 1972; functions as a major center of higher education for the city and province.
- Loyola University Andalucía: Jesuit higher education institution with inception recorded 2010-06-07 and an associated headquarters in the greater Córdoba area.

### Sports & Events
- Córdoba CF: association football club established in 1906; the club and its reserve side Córdoba CF B (inception 1997) are based in the city.
- Estadio Nuevo Arcángel: football stadium with inception 1993-11-07; listed as owned/operated in connection with the municipality (stadium appears twice in the provided ownership/operation list).
- Plaza de Toros de los Califas: bullring with inception 1965-05-09, used for bullfighting and events.

### Media & Local Press
- Diario Córdoba: local newspaper with inception 1941-07-25 and headquarters in Córdoba.

### Transport & Infrastructure
- Córdoba Airport: listed among the city’s transport facilities.
- Córdoba‑Julio Anguita railway station: provides rail connections and is noted as a city transport hub.

### Civic Spaces & Urban Features
- Public squares and streets: Plaza de la Corredera, Plaza del Potro, Calleja de las Flores.
- Public art and monuments: Christ of the Lanterns (inception 1794).
- Historic palaces and civic buildings: Palacio de la Merced (c. 1300), Royal Stables of Córdoba (16th century).

### Related Entities & Projects (broader relationships referenced in source)
- Many heritage and municipal entities are connected to Córdoba, including but not limited to: Madinat Al‑Zahra (archaeological site), historic centre of Córdoba (World Heritage Site), Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba, Córdoba Synagogue, Puente romano, City walls of Córdoba, caliphal baths, Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos, Molino de la Albolafia, Palacio de la Merced, Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba, Museum of Fine Arts of Córdoba, Museo Julio Romero de Torres, Casa de Sefarad, Córdoba CF and its stadium, Córdoba Airport, Córdoba‑Julio Anguita railway station, University of Córdoba, Loyola University Andalucía, Fundación Cajasol, Diario Córdoba.

### Identifiers, Metadata & Classification
- Municipality classification: municipality of Spain (an administrative territorial entity).
- Wikidata/Wikipedia identifiers: Wikidata entry and sitelinks (municipality entry; sitelink_count 139); Wikipedia article title "Córdoba, Spain".
- Aliases used in sources: Cordova; Cordoba; Cordova municipality; Municipality of Cordova.
- Official web presence: https://www.cordoba.es/

### Ownership, Operation & Administrative Links
- Estadio Nuevo Arcángel is listed in connection with ownership/operation by municipal entities (stadium appears twice under Owned/Operated by in the source).
- Córdoba functions administratively under Spanish law as a municipality within the provincial and autonomous community frameworks.

### Related Historical Notes (as connected through local monuments)
- Córdoba’s built environment preserves evidence spanning centuries: Roman-era monuments (1st century mausoleum), early medieval Islamic constructions (Mosque–Cathedral: inception 0786; caliphal baths and other structures around c. 1000), medieval synagogues (1314), late medieval and early modern churches and palaces (Iglesia dates, Palacio de la Merced c. 1300), and modern civic institutions (museums and universities founded from the 19th to 21st centuries).

### References & Source Anchors
- Municipal official site: https://www.cordoba.es/
- Madinat Al‑Zahra official museum/site pages and associated UNESCO listing (detailed in the provided Madinat Al‑Zahra dataset).
- Individual monument inception dates, institutional inceptions, and other data points are taken from the provided structured properties and related entity entries included in the source material.

## References

1. archINFORM
2. Nomenclátor Geográfico de Municipios y Entidades de Población (20240402 edition)
3. Ministerio de Hacienda
4. [Source](http://www.bethlehem-city.org/en/cordoba)
5. [Source](https://www.nuernberg.de/internet/international/cordoba_freundschaft.html)
6. [Source](https://www.diariocordoba.com/cordoba-ciudad/2020/02/09/12-hermanas-cordoba-36064687.html)
7. [Source](http://legislacao.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/leis/lei-14471-de-10-de-julho-de-2007)
8. [Source](https://www.nimes.fr/mairie/jumelages/ville-jumelle-cordoue.html)
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14. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
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22. Municipal Register of Spain 2009
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24. Municipal Register of Spain 2007
25. Municipal Register of Spain 2006
26. Municipal Register of Spain 2005
27. Municipal Register of Spain 2004
28. Municipal Register of Spain 2003
29. Municipal Register of Spain 2002
30. Municipal Register of Spain 2001
31. Municipal Register of Spain 2014
32. Municipal Register of Spain 2015
33. Municipal Register of Spain 2016
34. Municipal Register of Spain 2017
35. Municipal Register of Spain 2018
36. [Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero. National Statistics Institute](http://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?padre=525)
37. Municipal Register of Spain 2019
38. Municipal Register of Spain 2020
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40. Municipal Register of Spain of 2022
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43. Municipal Register of Spain of 2025
44. Flickr Shapefiles Public Dataset 2.0
45. List of Municipalities and their Codes by Provinces as of January 1, 2019
46. [Source](https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/es/index.htm?padre=517&capsel=525)
47. GeoNames
48. Quora
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50. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)