# Bosque

> programming language

**Wikidata**: [Q63243349](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63243349)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosque_(programming_language))  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/bosque

## Summary
Bosque is a functional programming language developed by Microsoft Research, launched in 2019. It is distinguished by its support for static, structural, and refinement typing disciplines. The language is open-source, licensed under MIT, and designed to run on the Microsoft Windows platform.

## Key Facts
- **Developer:** Microsoft Research
- **Inception:** 2019
- **License:** MIT License
- **Programming Paradigm:** Functional programming
- **Typing Discipline:** Static typing, Structural typing, and Refinement typing
- **Platform:** Microsoft Windows
- **Repository:** https://github.com/Microsoft/BosqueLanguage
- **Official Website:** https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/bosque-programming-language/
- **Twitter Handle:** @BosqueLanguage (created April 23, 2019)

## FAQs
### Q: Who developed the Bosque programming language?
A: Bosque was developed by Microsoft Research. The project was initiated in 2019.

### Q: What type of license is Bosque released under?
A: Bosque is released under the MIT License, allowing for open-source usage and modification.

### Q: What are the primary typing disciplines used in Bosque?
A: Bosque utilizes a combination of static typing, structural typing, and refinement typing to define data and logic.

### Q: On which platform does Bosque run?
A: The language runs on the Microsoft Windows family of operating systems.

## Why It Matters
Bosque represents a modern approach to programming language design, emerging from a major corporate research division (Microsoft Research) in 2019. Its significance lies in its specific architectural choices: it avoids traditional class-based inheritance in favor of structural typing and combines this with functional programming paradigms. By integrating refinement typing—a technique that allows for more precise specification of program invariants—Bosque aims to improve software correctness and reliability. As an open-source project under the permissive MIT license, it serves as a testbed for these advanced type system concepts within the developer community, offering an alternative to mainstream object-oriented languages.

## Notable For
- **Advanced Typing:** Combines structural and refinement typing with static checks.
- **Microsoft Research Origins:** Developed by the research arm of one of the world's largest software companies.
- **Functional Paradigm:** Embraces functional programming concepts rather than standard object-oriented inheritance.
- **Open Source:** Provides full source code access via GitHub under the MIT License.

## Body
### Development and History
Bosque was created by Microsoft Research, with public inception occurring in 2019. The project was introduced to the developer community with an official Twitter account (@BosqueLanguage) established on April 23, 2019. It is classified strictly as a programming language designed for communicating instructions to a machine.

### Technical Architecture
The language is built around the functional programming paradigm. Its type system is rigorous, featuring:
- **Static Typing:** Type checking is performed at compile time.
- **Structural Typing:** Type compatibility is determined by the structure of the data rather than explicit declarations or inheritance.
- **Refinement Typing:** Allows types to be refined by predicates or logical constraints.

### Platform and Availability
Bosque is designed to operate on Microsoft Windows operating systems. The codebase is publicly maintained, and the project encourages community interaction through its dedicated GitHub topic ("bosque") and repository. The official documentation and project overview are hosted on the Microsoft Research website.

## References

1. [Source](https://github.com/Microsoft/BosqueLanguage)
2. [Source](https://github.com/Microsoft/BosqueLanguage/blob/master/LICENSE.txt)
3. [Source](https://github.com/microsoft/BosqueLanguage/blob/6301539fc8809a30b48be200c929291e365a7a5d/docs/language/overview.md)