# Borneo

> third largest island in the world by area, located in south-east Asia

**Wikidata**: [Q36117](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36117)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/borneo

## Summary
Borneo is the third largest island in the world by area, located in Southeast Asia. The island is divided politically among three countries — Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei — and lies within the Malay Archipelago.

## Key Facts
- Third largest island in the world by area; located in south-east Asia.
- Aliases: Borneo Island; Pulau Borneo.
- Population (structured property): 18,590,000.
- Coordinates (structured property): latitude −1, longitude 114.
- Wikipedia title (structured property): Borneo.
- Wikidata description (structured property): "third largest island in the world by area, located in south-east Asia."
- Sitelink count (structured property / metadata): 146.
- Part of the Malay Archipelago (archipelago between mainland Southeast Asia and Australia).
- The island is divided among three sovereign states: Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei.
- Indonesian administrative regions on Borneo (Kalimantan provinces): West Kalimantan; Central Kalimantan; South Kalimantan; East Kalimantan; North Kalimantan.
- Brunei is a sovereign country and sultanate located on the island of Borneo; Brunei inception (independence): 1984-01-01; British protectorate start: 1888-09-17; historical sultanate date: 1368.
- Malaysia (which includes East Malaysia on Borneo) inception/founding date listed: 1963-09-16.
- Indonesia (which includes most of Borneo as Kalimantan) inception/proclamation date listed: 1945-08-17; Netherlands recognition: 1949-12-27.
- Historical polity on Borneo: Sultanate of Sambas (Malay state in western Borneo), inception circa 1609 and existed until 1956.
- Political party associated with Borneo region: Dayak Unity Party (ethnic political party in Indonesia); inception: 1945-10-30.
- Islands or localities associated with Borneo: Maratua Island (island in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia).
- Related regional or strategic concept listed as contained/subsidiary: first island chain (first chain of major archipelagos out from the East Asian continental mainland coast).
- Species and taxa named with the Borneo epithet or associated with the island: Pomatorhinus bornensis (bird species); Bold-striped Tit-Babbler (bird species); Trigonopterus bornensis (insect species); Borneola (genus of leaf beetles).
- Cultural artifact associated with peoples of Borneo: mandau (Indonesian traditional weapon of Dayak people).
- Related Indonesian province (example listed): South Kalimantan (province of Indonesia; inception dates listed for province: 1950-08-14 and 1957-01-01 in the source).

## FAQs
Q: What is Borneo?
A: Borneo is a large island in Southeast Asia, ranked third in the world by area, and is part of the Malay Archipelago.

Q: Which countries share Borneo?
A: The island is divided among three countries: Indonesia (regions collectively known as Kalimantan), Malaysia (East Malaysia on Borneo), and the sovereign sultanate of Brunei.

Q: What are the geographic coordinates and population given for Borneo?
A: The structured coordinates are latitude −1 and longitude 114; the structured population value is 18,590,000.

Q: What historical states and parties are connected to Borneo?
A: Historical and political entities connected to Borneo in the source include the Sultanate of Sambas (1609–1956) and the Dayak Unity Party (inception 1945-10-30), an ethnic political party in Indonesia.

Q: What kinds of flora, fauna or taxa are associated with Borneo in the source material?
A: The source lists species and genera associated with the island: Pomatorhinus bornensis, Bold-striped Tit-Babbler, Trigonopterus bornensis, and the leaf-beetle genus Borneola.

Q: Which administrative divisions of Indonesia are located on Borneo?
A: The Indonesian portion of the island (Kalimantan) contains West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, and North Kalimantan provinces.

Q: Is Brunei located on Borneo and what are its key dates listed?
A: Yes; Brunei is located on Borneo. The source lists Brunei’s independence as 1984-01-01, British protectorate start as 1888-09-17, and an earlier sultanate origin date cited as 1368.

Q: Are there named islands or local features connected to Borneo in the source?
A: Yes; Maratua Island (in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia) is listed among islands associated with the Borneo region.

## Why It Matters
Borneo matters geographically, politically and ecologically. As the world’s third largest island, it is a major landmass within the Malay Archipelago and a shared territory of three sovereign states — Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei — making it central to regional administration, cross-border governance and historical state formation in Southeast Asia. The island is a locus for distinct local political histories (for example the Sultanate of Sambas and modern regional parties such as the Dayak Unity Party), and it hosts named endemic and regionally associated species and taxa that reflect its biological distinctiveness. Because multiple national jurisdictions and cultural groups occupy the same island, Borneo is significant for studies of federal and provincial administration (Kalimantan provinces), minority and indigenous politics (Dayak-related organizations and cultural items such as the mandau), and for conservation and biodiversity research linked to species explicitly associated with the island. The island’s inclusion in broader strategic concepts (for example, mention of the "first island chain") also ties Borneo to larger maritime and archipelagic geography relevant to regional planning and security.

## Notable For
- Being the third largest island in the world by area and a major component of the Malay Archipelago.
- Political partition among three sovereign states: Indonesia (Kalimantan provinces), Malaysia (East Malaysia), and Brunei (a sovereign sultanate on the island).
- Hosting historical polities such as the Sultanate of Sambas (c.1609–1956).
- Being the locus for ethnic and regional political organization, exemplified by the Dayak Unity Party (inception 1945-10-30).
- Namesake presence in taxonomy and species epithets (Pomatorhinus bornensis, Trigonopterus bornensis, Borneola).
- Cultural associations with indigenous weaponry and material culture, such as the mandau of the Dayak peoples.
- Containing or being associated with islands/localities such as Maratua Island in East Kalimantan.
- Appearing in geostrategic and archipelagic contexts (listed association with the Malay Archipelago and with the "first island chain" concept in the source).

## Body

### Overview
Borneo is described in the source as the third largest island worldwide by area and is located in south-east Asia. It is part of the larger Malay Archipelago and is politically shared by Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei. The island has structured metadata in the source including aliases (Borneo Island, Pulau Borneo), coordinates (lat −1, lon 114), a population figure of 18,590,000, and a sitelink count of 146.

### Geography and Location
- Geographic placement: Southeast Asia; part of the Malay Archipelago.
- Structured coordinates: latitude −1, longitude 114.
- Associated islands/localities: Maratua Island (an island in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia) is listed as connected to the Borneo region in the source.
- Strategic/archipelagic context: the island is cited as part of the Malay Archipelago and linked in the source to larger regional constructs such as the "first island chain."

### Political and Administrative Divisions
- Countries sharing Borneo: Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei.
- Indonesian portion (commonly called Kalimantan) includes the provinces enumerated in the source: West Kalimantan; Central Kalimantan; South Kalimantan; East Kalimantan; North Kalimantan.
- Malaysia’s presence on Borneo is acknowledged (East Malaysia occupies part of the island); Malaysia’s formation date in the source is 1963-09-16.
- Brunei’s status: a sovereign sultanate located on Borneo; key dates from the source include protectorate status in 1888-09-17 and independence on 1984-01-01.

### History and Political Entities
- Sultanate of Sambas: recorded in the source as a Malay state in western Borneo that existed from 1609 until 1956.
- Dayak Unity Party: listed as an ethnic political party in Indonesia with inception date 1945-10-30 and associated with the island’s political landscape and indigenous representation.
- National-level dates that contextualize Borneo’s political environment in the source: Indonesia’s proclamation/inception 1945-08-17 and Netherlands recognition 1949-12-27; Malaysia’s formation/inception 1963-09-16; Brunei’s independence 1984-01-01.

### Ecology, Species, and Taxa Associated with Borneo
- Bird species and taxa with direct name associations in the source: Pomatorhinus bornensis; Bold-striped Tit-Babbler.
- Insect taxa in the source associated with the island: Trigonopterus bornensis.
- Leaf-beetle genus associated with the region: Borneola.
- The presence of multiple species and genus names containing a Borneo-derived epithet in the source indicates the island’s role as a referent for taxonomic naming.

### Culture and Material Traditions
- Mandau: identified in the source as an Indonesian traditional weapon of the Dayak people, linking material culture to indigenous communities on Borneo.
- Political culture: cited indigenous/ethnic political organization includes the Dayak Unity Party (inception 1945-10-30), indicating organized political activity tied to the island’s peoples.

### Related Administrative and Regional Entities
- South Kalimantan: listed among related entities and identified as a province of Indonesia (inception dates in source: 1950-08-14 and 1957-01-01).
- Maratua Island: included in parent/part listings as an island in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, indicating local insular geography inside the wider Borneo region.
- First island chain: listed under "Contains / Subsidiaries" in the source; the first island chain is described as a chain of major archipelagos extending out from East Asian mainland coasts, associating Borneo with broader archipelagic systems.

### Metadata and Structured Properties
- Aliases: Borneo Island; Pulau Borneo.
- Population: 18,590,000 (structured property).
- Coordinates: lat −1, lon 114.
- Sitelink count: 146.
- Wikipedia title: Borneo.
- Wikidata description: "third largest island in the world by area, located in south-east Asia."

### Related Taxa, Organizations and Items (extracted from source)
- Taxa and species: Pomatorhinus bornensis; Bold-striped Tit-Babbler; Trigonopterus bornensis; Borneola (genus).
- Traditional weapon: mandau (associated with Dayak peoples on Borneo).
- Political and historical: Sultanate of Sambas (1609–1956); Dayak Unity Party (inception 1945-10-30).
- Administrative examples: South Kalimantan province; Maratua Island (East Kalimantan).

### References within Source Material
- The source supplies inception and date facts for the countries that share Borneo (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei) and for historical/administrative entities tied to the island (Sultanate of Sambas; Dayak Unity Party). It also lists related species and cultural artifacts, and places Borneo within the Malay Archipelago and broader archipelagic concepts.

(End of entry.)

## References

1. GEOnet Names Server. 2018
2. Gazetteer of the Republic of Indonesia, Island Landform Elements, Volume 3, 2024 Edition
3. GeoNames
4. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
5. BBC Things
6. BabelNet
7. UMLS 2023
8. Quora
9. [Source](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/borneo)
10. [Source](https://golden.com/wiki/Borneo-W956)
11. FactGrid
12. KBpedia