# Big types in little runtime: open-world soundness and collaborative blame for gradual type systems

> Research article (Proceedings of the 44th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, 2016) · cited 42× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2561856298](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2561856298)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/big-types-in-little-runtime-open-world-soundness-and-collaborative-blame-for-gradual-type-systems