# Beijing

> capital city of China

**Wikidata**: [Q956](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q956)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/beijing

## Summary
Beijing is the capital city of China and one of the world's most significant political, cultural, and economic centers. As a direct-administered municipality and a global city, it serves as the seat of the Chinese government and has a rich history spanning multiple dynasties, including the Ming, Qing, and Yuan.

## Key Facts
- **Capital Status**: Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China (since 1949) and has historically served as the capital for various Chinese dynasties, including the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911).
- **Geography**: Located in North China, Beijing covers an area of 16,410.54 square kilometers and is situated at coordinates 39.90403°N, 116.407526°E.
- **Population**: As of the 2020 census, Beijing's permanent population was 21,893,095, with 10,697,705 males and 11,195,390 females.
- **Economy**: In 2020, Beijing's nominal GDP was 3.61 trillion renminbi.
- **Administrative Divisions**: Beijing is divided into 16 districts, including Dongcheng, Xicheng, Chaoyang, and Haidian.
- **Official Language**: Chinese is the official language, with Jin and Manchu also used.
- **Time Zone**: Beijing operates on UTC+08:00.
- **Elevation**: The city has an average elevation of 43 meters above sea level.
- **Historical Names**: Previously known as Peking, Beiping, and Khanbaliq, among others.
- **Significant Events**: Hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics.
- **Sister Cities**: Beijing has over 50 sister cities worldwide, including Tokyo, New York City, and Paris.
- **Official Symbols**: The city's official symbols include the Styphnolobium japonicum (tree) and Rosa chinensis (flower).
- **Government**: The executive body is the People's Government of Beijing Municipality, and the legislative body is the Beijing Municipal People's Congress.
- **Memberships**: Beijing is a member of the Creative Cities Network (City of Design) and the World Tourism Cities Federation.

## FAQs
**What is Beijing's historical significance?**
Beijing has been the capital of China for over 800 years, serving as the political and cultural center for multiple dynasties, including the Ming, Qing, and Yuan. It has witnessed significant historical events such as the Siege of Zhongdu in 1215 and the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests.

**What are the key administrative divisions of Beijing?**
Beijing is divided into 16 districts, including Dongcheng, Xicheng, Chaoyang, Fengtai, Shijingshan, Haidian, Mentougou, Fangshan, Tongzhou, Shunyi, Changping, Daxing, Huairou, Pinggu, Miyun, and Yanqing.

**What is the population of Beijing?**
As of the 2020 census, Beijing's permanent population was 21,893,095, with a gender distribution of 10,697,705 males and 11,195,390 females.

**What are some notable events hosted by Beijing?**
Beijing has hosted major international events such as the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics, showcasing its global significance.

**What are Beijing's sister cities?**
Beijing has established sister city relationships with over 50 cities worldwide, including Tokyo (since 1979), New York City (since 1980), Paris (since 1997), and Moscow (since 1995).

**What is the economic status of Beijing?**
In 2020, Beijing's nominal GDP was 3.61 trillion renminbi, highlighting its economic importance as a global city and financial hub.

**What are the official symbols of Beijing?**
Beijing's official symbols include the Styphnolobium japonicum (tree), Platycladus (tree), Rosa chinensis (flower), and Chrysanthemum morifolium (flower).

**What is the government structure of Beijing?**
The executive body of Beijing is the People's Government of Beijing Municipality, and the legislative body is the Beijing Municipal People's Congress. The current head of government is Yin Yong, who took office in 2022.

**What languages are used in Beijing?**
The official language of Beijing is Chinese, with Jin and Manchu also used in the region.

**What is the geographical location of Beijing?**
Beijing is located in North China, covering an area of 16,410.54 square kilometers. It is situated at coordinates 39.90403°N, 116.407526°E and has an average elevation of 43 meters above sea level.

## Why It Matters
Beijing is a city of immense historical, political, and cultural significance. As the capital of China, it serves as the political and administrative center of the world's most populous country. Its rich history, spanning multiple dynasties, has shaped the cultural and architectural landscape of the city, making it a global heritage site. Beijing's role as a host for major international events, such as the Olympics, underscores its global influence and importance. The city's economic prowess, with a GDP of over 3.61 trillion renminbi, highlights its significance as a financial and economic hub. Additionally, Beijing's extensive network of sister cities and memberships in global organizations like the Creative Cities Network and the World Tourism Cities Federation further solidify its position as a key player on the world stage.

## Notable For
- **Historical Capital**: Beijing has been the capital of China for over 800 years, serving as the political center for multiple dynasties.
- **Global City**: Recognized as a global city and a national central city, Beijing is a major hub for politics, economy, and culture.
- **Olympic Host**: Beijing is the first city to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics, showcasing its global significance and infrastructure capabilities.
- **Economic Powerhouse**: With a nominal GDP of 3.61 trillion renminbi in 2020, Beijing is a major economic center in China and the world.
- **Cultural Heritage**: The city is home to numerous historical sites and cultural landmarks, reflecting its rich history and cultural significance.
- **Sister Cities Network**: Beijing has established sister city relationships with over 50 cities worldwide, fostering international cooperation and cultural exchange.
- **Administrative Divisions**: Beijing is divided into 16 districts, each with its unique characteristics and contributions to the city's overall development.
- **Official Symbols**: The city's official symbols, including the Styphnolobium japonicum and Rosa chinensis, represent its natural and cultural heritage.
- **Government Structure**: Beijing's government structure, with the People's Government of Beijing Municipality and the Beijing Municipal People's Congress, ensures efficient administration and governance.
- **Language Diversity**: While Chinese is the official language, Jin and Manchu are also used, reflecting the city's linguistic diversity.

## Body
### History
Beijing has a rich history that spans over 3,000 years, with evidence of human settlement dating back to the Paleolithic era. The city has served as the capital of China for over 800 years, beginning with the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368), when it was known as Khanbaliq. During the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), Beijing was renamed and became the political and cultural center of China. The city continued to serve as the capital during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) and the subsequent Republican era.

### Geography
Beijing is located in North China, covering an area of 16,410.54 square kilometers. The city is situated at coordinates 39.90403°N, 116.407526°E and has an average elevation of 43 meters above sea level. Beijing is bordered by Hebei Province to the north, west, and south, and Tianjin Municipality to the southeast. The city is divided into 16 districts, each with its unique characteristics and contributions to the city's overall development.

### Population and Demographics
As of the 2020 census, Beijing's permanent population was 21,893,095, with a gender distribution of 10,697,705 males and 11,195,390 females. The city's population has grown significantly over the years, with a population of 15,380,000 in 2005 and 21,705,000 in 2015. Beijing is a diverse city, with a mix of ethnic groups and languages, including Chinese, Jin, and Manchu.

### Economy
Beijing is a major economic center in China and the world. In 2020, the city's nominal GDP was 3.61 trillion renminbi, highlighting its economic importance. The city is home to numerous multinational corporations, financial institutions, and tech companies, making it a hub for innovation and economic growth. Beijing's economy is driven by various sectors, including finance, technology, manufacturing, and services.

### Government and Administration
The executive body of Beijing is the People's Government of Beijing Municipality, and the legislative body is the Beijing Municipal People's Congress. The current head of government is Yin Yong, who took office in 2022. Beijing is a direct-administered municipality, meaning it is under the direct jurisdiction of the central government of China. The city is divided into 16 districts, each with its local government and administrative structure.

### Culture and Heritage
Beijing is a city rich in cultural heritage, with numerous historical sites and landmarks. The city is home to the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, and the Great Wall of China, among other significant cultural sites. Beijing's cultural heritage is reflected in its official symbols, including the Styphnolobium japonicum (tree) and Rosa chinensis (flower). The city is also known for its traditional arts, cuisine, and festivals, which attract visitors from around the world.

### International Relations
Beijing has established sister city relationships with over 50 cities worldwide, fostering international cooperation and cultural exchange. Some of its notable sister cities include Tokyo (since 1979), New York City (since 1980), Paris (since 1997), and Moscow (since 1995). Beijing is also a member of the Creative Cities Network (City of Design) and the World Tourism Cities Federation, further solidifying its position as a key player on the world stage.

### Significant Events
Beijing has hosted major international events, including the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics. These events have showcased the city's global significance and infrastructure capabilities. Beijing has also witnessed significant historical events such as the Siege of Zhongdu in 1215 and the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests.

### Language and Communication
The official language of Beijing is Chinese, with Jin and Manchu also used in the region. The city is home to numerous media outlets, including newspapers, television stations, and online platforms, which serve as important sources of information and communication for its residents and visitors.

### Transportation and Infrastructure
Beijing has a well-developed transportation and infrastructure system, including an extensive network of roads, highways, and public transportation. The city is home to Beijing Capital International Airport, one of the busiest airports in the world, and the Beijing Daxing International Airport, which opened in 2019. Beijing's public transportation system includes the Beijing Subway, which is one of the longest and busiest subway systems in the world.

### Education and Research
Beijing is a major center for education and research, with numerous universities, colleges, and research institutions. Some of the city's notable universities include Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. These institutions attract students and researchers from around the world, contributing to the city's intellectual and innovation capabilities.

### Tourism and Attractions
Beijing is a popular tourist destination, with numerous attractions and landmarks that attract visitors from around the world. Some of the city's notable attractions include the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Great Wall of China, and the Summer Palace. Beijing is also known for its vibrant cultural scene, with numerous museums, galleries, and performance venues.

### Environmental and Sustainability Efforts
Beijing has made significant efforts to improve its environmental sustainability, including initiatives to reduce air pollution, promote renewable energy, and enhance green spaces. The city has implemented various policies and programs to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable development, including the Beijing Green Action Plan and the Beijing Clean Air Action Plan.

### Future Developments
Beijing is continuously evolving and developing, with numerous projects and initiatives aimed at enhancing the city's infrastructure, economy, and quality of life. Some of the city's notable future developments include the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, the Beijing Daxing International Airport, and the Beijing Sub-Center, which aims to decentralize the city's administrative and economic functions.

### Notable People
Beijing has been home to numerous notable people, including political leaders, cultural figures, and intellectuals. Some of the city's notable residents include Mao Zedong, the founding father of the People's Republic of China, and Lu Xun, a prominent writer and intellectual. Beijing is also home to numerous contemporary figures, including artists, musicians, and athletes, who contribute to the city's vibrant cultural scene.

### Related Projects and Initiatives
Beijing is involved in numerous projects and initiatives aimed at promoting economic growth, cultural exchange, and international cooperation. Some of the city's notable projects include the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, the Beijing Daxing International Airport, and the Beijing Sub-Center. Beijing is also a member of various international organizations, including the Creative Cities Network and the World Tourism Cities Federation, which foster cooperation and exchange with other cities around the world.

## References

1. [Sister Cities of Beijing](http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities_2017/)
2. [Source](http://www.tirana.gen.al/sister_cities.php)
3. [Source](https://tirana.al/uploads/2023/6/20230627125928_marreveshje-shoqata.pdf)
4. [La Comunidad de Madrid se hermana con Pekín, organizadora de los JJ.OO. de 2008](https://www.abc.es/deportes/abci-comunidad-madrid-hermana-pekin-organizadora-2008-200501170300-2059390032_noticia.html)
5. [Перелік Міст, З Якими Києвом Підписані Документи Про Поріднення, Дружбу, Співробітництво, Партнерство](https://old.kyivcity.gov.ua/files/2018/2/15/Mista-pobratymy.pdf)
6. [Source](https://kyivcity.gov.ua/kyiv_ta_miska_vlada/pro_kyiv/mista-pobratimi_z_yakimi_kiyevom_pidpisani_dokumenti_pro_poridnennya_druzhbu_spivrobitnitstvo_partnerstvo/)
7. [Source](http://legislacao.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/leis/lei-14471-de-10-de-julho-de-2007)
8. [Source](https://kvs.gov.spb.ru/en/agreements/)
9. [Pekina (Ķīnas Tautas Republika)](https://pasvaldiba.riga.lv/LV/Channels/Riga_today/Riga_pasaule/sadraudzibas_pilsetas/pekina_kina/default.htm)
10. [Source](https://www.cmtedd.act.gov.au/communication/cir/beijing_china)
11. [Source](http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities_2017/)
12. [Source](http://www.city.musashino.lg.jp/area/material/youran/2017english/html5.html#page=23)
13. National Database of Laws and Regulations
14. Virtual International Authority File
15. BnF authorities
16. MusicBrainz
17. [Source](https://cn.wtcf.org.cn/citys/3380-2.html)
18. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
19. FIPS 10-4
20. [Source](https://beijing.qianlong.com/2021/0520/5805885.shtml)
21. [Source](http://russian.news.cn/2016-01/20/c_135025411.htm)
22. [Source](http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/BeijingInformation/BeijingNewsUpdate/t1506791.htm)
23. [Source](http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2017/html/EN0206.jpg)
24. Tabulation on 2020 China Population Census by County
25. French order of 4 Nov. 1993 about names of states and capitals
26. [Source](http://cnig.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/CNT-PVM_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9_2020-01-27-1.pdf)
27. GeoNames
28. [Source](https://service.unece.org/trade/locode/cn.htm)
29. [Source](https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103)
30. BabelNet
31. UMLS 2023
32. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line
33. Enciclopedia Treccani
34. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)
35. Dizionario di Storia
36. [iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/places/inaturalist-places.csv.zip)
37. Golden
38. GF WordNet
39. Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands
40. [BEIJING latest news & coverage](https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/topic/beijing)
41. museum-digital