# Automated parameter tuning as a bilevel optimization problem solved by a surrogate-assisted population-based approach

> Research article (Applied Intelligence, 2021) · cited 16× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3124684635](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3124684635)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/automated-parameter-tuning-as-a-bilevel-optimization-problem-solved-by-a-surrogate-assisted-population-based-approach