# Application of YOLO11 Model with Spatial Pyramid Dilation Convolution (SPD-Conv) and Effective Squeeze-Excitation (EffectiveSE) Fusion in Rail Track Defect Detection

> Research article (Sensors, 2025) · cited 13× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4409303595](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4409303595)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/application-of-yolo11-model-with-spatial-pyramid-dilation-convolution-spd-conv-and-effective-squeeze-excitation-effectiv