# Antonin Scalia

> Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1986 to 2016

**Wikidata**: [Q11156](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11156)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonin_Scalia)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/antonin-scalia

## Summary
Antonin Scalia was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1986 until his death in 2016. A prominent figure in American law, Scalia was known for his originalist and textualist approach to constitutional interpretation. He played a pivotal role in shaping conservative legal thought during his three-decade tenure on the Court.

## Biography
- **Born:** March 11, 1936
- **Nationality:** United States
- **Education:** 
  - Harvard Law School
  - University of Fribourg
  - University of Chicago Law School
  - University of Virginia School of Law
  - Stanford Law School
  - University of Chicago
  - Georgetown University Law Center
- **Known for:** Originalist judicial philosophy, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (1986–2016)
- **Employer(s):** 
  - Supreme Court of the United States
  - University of Chicago Law School
  - Georgetown University Law Center
  - Stanford Law School
  - University of Virginia School of Law
- **Field(s):** Law, jurisprudence, constitutional law

## Contributions
- **Judicial Opinions:** Authored significant Supreme Court opinions, including *District of Columbia v. Heller* (2008), affirming the individual right to bear arms, and *United States v. Windsor* (2013), striking down part of the Defense of Marriage Act.
- **Originalism Advocacy:** Promoted originalist interpretation of the Constitution, emphasizing the text's meaning at the time of its adoption.
- **Academic Roles:** Taught at multiple law schools, including the University of Chicago Law School and Georgetown University Law Center, influencing legal education and scholarship.

## FAQs
**What was Antonin Scalia's judicial philosophy?**  
Scalia championed originalism, interpreting the Constitution based on its original public meaning, and textualism, focusing on the plain language of statutes.

**Where did Scalia teach law?**  
He held academic positions at the University of Chicago Law School, Georgetown University Law Center, Stanford Law School, and the University of Virginia School of Law.

**What notable cases did Scalia decide?**  
Key cases include *Heller* (Second Amendment), *Windsor* (same-sex marriage), and *Bush v. Gore* (2000 presidential election), though he dissented in the latter.

**What awards did Scalia receive?**  
He was awarded the Francis Boyer Award, Golden Plate Award, Presidential Medal of Freedom, and induction into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.

## Why They Matter
Antonin Scalia profoundly influenced American jurisprudence through his originalist methodology, reshaping conservative legal discourse and Supreme Court decisions. His emphasis on textualism and historical context continues to impact judicial training and legal scholarship. Without Scalia, the trajectory of Second Amendment jurisprudence, federalism debates, and the broader conservative legal movement would likely differ significantly.

## Notable For
- **Originalist Jurisprudence:** Leading proponent of originalism on the Supreme Court.
- **Landmark Opinions:** Authored pivotal decisions on gun rights, federalism, and statutory interpretation.
- **Academic Influence:** Taught at multiple prestigious law schools, mentoring future legal leaders.
- **Awards and Honors:** Recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom and induction into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.
- **Cultural Impact:** Featured in popular media, including *The Simpsons* and *Seinfeld*, reflecting his public prominence.

## Body
### Early Life and Education
Antonin Gregory Scalia was born on March 11, 1936. He pursued legal studies at Harvard Law School, the University of Fribourg, and the University of Chicago Law School, among other institutions, establishing a robust academic foundation in law.

### Academic Career
Before joining the Supreme Court, Scalia taught at several law schools:
- **University of Chicago Law School**
- **Georgetown University Law Center**
- **Stanford Law School**
- **University of Virginia School of Law**
These roles allowed him to shape legal education and engage with emerging scholars.

### Judicial Service
Appointed to the Supreme Court in 1986, Scalia served for 30 years, becoming a cornerstone of the Court's conservative wing. Key aspects of his tenure include:
- **Originalism and Textualism:** Scalia's judicial philosophy emphasized adherence to the Constitution's original meaning and statutory text, influencing numerous rulings.
- **Majority and Dissent Opinions:** He authored landmark majority opinions, such as *Heller* (2008), and notable dissents, including in *Obergefell v. Hodges* (2015).

### Professional Affiliations
Scalia maintained affiliations with:
- **American Academy of Arts and Sciences**
- **Federalist Society**
These connections underscored his engagement with intellectual and legal communities.

### Awards and Recognition
Scalia received several honors, including:
- **Francis Boyer Award** for public policy contributions
- **Golden Plate Award** from the American Academy of Achievement
- **Presidential Medal of Freedom** (posthumous, 2018)
- **New Jersey Hall of Fame** induction

### Legacy
Scalia's legacy is defined by his transformative impact on conservative legal thought and his enduring influence on Supreme Court jurisprudence. His originalist approach continues to shape legal debates, ensuring his ideas remain central to American constitutional law.

## References

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4. [Koch brothers hope to raise even more funds at secretive right-wing gathering. The Guardian](http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/24/koch-brothers-funds-secretive-gathering)
5. LIBRIS. 2016
6. [Antonin Scalia, Justice on the Supreme Court, Dies at 79. The New York Times](http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/14/us/antonin-scalia-death.html)
7. [Source](http://jurismagazine.com/democrat-or-republican-the-2016-election-and-the-supreme-court/)
8. [Excerpts From High Court's Opinions on Child Abuse Cases. The New York Times. 1990](http://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/28/us/excerpts-from-high-court-s-opinions-on-child-abuse-cases.html)
9. [Texas Women and Abortion Rights. The New York Times. 2013](http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/opinion/texas-women-and-abortion-rights.html)
10. [Supreme Court Picks One EPA Enforcement Case Over Another and Attorneys Ask Why. The New York Times. 2011](http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2011/07/11/11greenwire-supreme-court-picks-one-epa-enforcement-case-o-93201.html)
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13. [Source](https://www.achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service)
14. [Source](https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47639)
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19. [Judge With Tenacity and Charm - Antonin Scalia. The New York Times. 1986](http://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/18/national/18SCAL.html)
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25. Pillows fell onto Supreme Court justice Antonin Scalia AFTER he died, say cops as doctor reveals he was a smoker and suffered obesity and artery disease. Daily Mail. 2016
26. [Source](http://bigstory.ap.org/article/507b286c0caf4dbab00c245119f66e5d/scalias-body-being-flown-back-he-died-natural-causes)
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