# Anton Webern

> Austrian composer and conductor

**Wikidata**: [Q190933](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190933)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Webern)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/anton-webern

## Summary
Anton Webern was an Austrian composer and conductor who played a pivotal role in the development of modern classical music, particularly through his contributions to the Second Viennese School and his innovative use of atonality and serialism. Born in Austria, he is best known for his groundbreaking compositions and his influence on 20th-century music.

## Biography
- Born: December 3, 1883, Vienna, Austria
- Nationality: Austrian
- Education: University of Vienna
- Known for: Pioneering atonal and serialist composition techniques, founding the Second Viennese School
- Employer(s): University of Vienna, various music institutions
- Field(s): Composition, conducting, music theory

## Contributions
Anton Webern made significant contributions to classical music through his compositions and theoretical innovations. He composed numerous works that challenged traditional harmonic structures, including:
- **Opus 5** (1909): A collection of piano pieces that demonstrated his early experiments with atonality.
- **Five Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 10** (1909): One of his earliest orchestral works, showcasing his innovative approach to composition.
- **Concerto for Nine Instruments, Op. 24** (1936): A landmark work that further explored his serialist techniques.
- **Variations for Orchestra, Op. 30** (1936): Another significant orchestral composition that demonstrated his mastery of form and structure.
- **String Quartet, Op. 6** (1910): A work that highlighted his early explorations of atonality and polytonality.
- **Symphony, Op. 21** (1939): A late work that showcased his continued innovation in composition.

Webern also founded the Second Viennese School, a group of composers that included Arnold Schoenberg and Alban Berg, who significantly influenced the development of modernist music. He conducted performances of his own works and those of other modernist composers, contributing to the dissemination of new musical ideas.

## FAQs
**What are Anton Webern's most famous compositions?**
Anton Webern is best known for his compositions such as *Opus 5*, *Five Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 10*, *Concerto for Nine Instruments, Op. 24*, *Variations for Orchestra, Op. 30*, *String Quartet, Op. 6*, and *Symphony, Op. 21*. These works are considered landmarks in the development of modernist music.

**What was the Second Viennese School, and how was Anton Webern involved?**
The Second Viennese School was a group of composers that included Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, and Anton Webern. Webern played a significant role in the development of the school, contributing to the exploration of atonality and serialism in music.

**Where did Anton Webern study?**
Anton Webern studied at the University of Vienna, where he received his education in music composition and conducting.

**What awards did Anton Webern receive?**
Anton Webern received numerous awards and honors throughout his career, including the Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts, the Medal for Merit to Culture (Poland), the Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the State of Vienna, the Theodor W. Adorno Award, and the Praemium Imperiale.

**What was Anton Webern's influence on music?**
Anton Webern's influence on music is profound and enduring. He challenged the boundaries of traditional composition and introduced innovative techniques such as atonality and serialism. His work influenced numerous composers and continues to inspire musicians and artists today.

## Why They Matter
Anton Webern matters because he fundamentally shaped the landscape of contemporary classical music through both his compositions and his institutional leadership. By founding the Second Viennese School, he bridged the gap between traditional and modernist music, fostering advancements in composition and musical expression. His establishment of the school provided a crucial platform for the performance of new works, influencing the repertoire of orchestras worldwide. As a conductor and theorist, he championed the works of the Second Viennese School and other modernists, ensuring their place in the classical canon. His theoretical writings and compositions expanded the possibilities of serialism and atonality, leaving a lasting impact on music theory and composition pedagogy.

## Notable For
- Pioneering atonal and serialist composition techniques.
- Founding the Second Viennese School, a group of composers that included Arnold Schoenberg and Alban Berg.
- Composing numerous landmark works such as *Opus 5*, *Five Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 10*, *Concerto for Nine Instruments, Op. 24*, *Variations for Orchestra, Op. 30*, *String Quartet, Op. 6*, and *Symphony, Op. 21*.
- Conducting performances of his own works and those of other modernist composers.
- Receiving numerous awards and honors throughout his career, including the Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts, the Medal for Merit to Culture (Poland), the Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the State of Vienna, the Theodor W. Adorno Award, and the Praemium Imperiale.

## Body

### Identity and Career
Anton Webern (full name Anton Friedrich Wilhelm von Webern) was an Austrian musician born on December 3, 1883, in Vienna, Austria, and died on September 15, 1945. His professional life was defined by multiple roles: he was a composer, conductor, and university teacher. His work period began in 1908 and continued until his death. He held Austrian citizenship and was recognized globally for his contributions to the arts.

### Education and Affiliations
Webern was educated at the University of Vienna, a historic music and dance school in the city. Later in his career, he was affiliated with the University of Vienna, a higher education and research establishment in Vienna. He was also a member of several prestigious academic and artistic institutions, including the Academy of Arts of the GDR, the Academy of Arts, Berlin, the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, the German Academy for Language and Literature, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts.

### Musical Influences and Style
Webern's work was deeply influenced by the pioneers of modernism. He cited Claude Debussy, the French composer known for *Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune*, as an influence. He was also significantly impacted by Arnold Schoenberg, the Austrian-American composer who developed the twelve-tone technique and led the Second Viennese School, and Anton Webern, an Austrian composer and conductor associated with the same school. These influences shaped Webern's approach to atonality and serialism.

### Institutional Leadership and Innovation
Webern was instrumental in creating institutions that supported the advancement of modern music. In 1908, he founded the Second Viennese School, a concert society based in Vienna dedicated to contemporary music. In 1976, he was associated with the founding of the Ensemble InterContemporain, a French chamber orchestra. His most significant institutional achievement was the founding of the Institute for Research and Coordination Acoustic/Music (IRCAM) in 1977. Located at the Quartier Saint-Merri in Paris and affiliated with the Centre Georges Pompidou, IRCAM became a world-renowned center for research in acoustics and music, focusing on electronic and experimental music.

### Compositions and Recordings
As a composer, Webern's notable works include *Opus 5*, *Five Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 10*, *Concerto for Nine Instruments, Op. 24*, *Variations for Orchestra, Op. 30*, *String Quartet, Op. 6*, and *Symphony, Op. 21*. His work as a conductor and performer was documented through recordings with major labels. He had recording relationships with Deutsche Grammophon, a prestigious German classical music label, and Sony Classical, a US record label.

### Awards and Honors
Throughout his career, Webern accumulated a vast array of international awards and honors. These include the Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts, the Medal for Merit to Culture (Poland), the Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the State of Vienna, the Theodor W. Adorno Award, and the Praemium Imperiale. He received the Léonie Sonning Music Prize, the Glenn Gould Prize, and the Grawemeyer Awards (specifically the Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition). He was named a Commander of the Order of the British Empire and won multiple Grammy Awards. Other significant accolades include the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize, the Polar Music Prize, the Wolf Prize in Arts, the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy, the Edison Music Awards, the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award, the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art, and the Goethe Medal. He also received honorary doctorates from the Royal College of Music and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel.

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## References

1. [Source](https://onb.digital/result/BAG_10450290)
2. Integrated Authority File
3. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)
4. BnF authorities
5. LIBRIS. 2012
6. B.R.A.H.M.S.
7. The Fine Art Archive
8. International Standard Name Identifier
9. MusicBrainz
10. CiNii Research
11. Anton Webern. RKDartists
12. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
13. SNAC
14. Find a Grave
15. International Music Score Library Project
16. Discogs
17. filmportal.de
18. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
19. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
20. Salzburgwiki
21. Croatian Encyclopedia
22. Munzinger Personen
23. Great Norwegian Encyclopedia
24. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
25. Virtual International Authority File
26. [Webern, the Major Miniaturist. 1996](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-11-03-ca-60625-story.html)
27. [Source](http://www.ubu.com/sound/webern.html)
28. [Source](http://digitale.beic.it/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&vid=BEIC&vl%283134987UI0%29=creator&vl%28freeText0%29=Webern%20Anton%20von)
29. CONOR.SI
30. Autoritats UB
31. BBC Things
32. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line
33. Enciclopedia Treccani
34. Golden
35. Virtual Study of Theatre Institute
36. Cinemathèque québécoise Linked Open Data
37. performing-arts.ch
38. [Anton Webern MBTI Personality Type: INTP or INTJ?](https://www.personality-database.com/profile/259343/anton-webern-classical-mbti-personality-type)