# Anita Garibaldi

> Italian-Brazilian revolutionary, wife of Garibaldi (1821-1849)

**Wikidata**: [Q636688](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q636688)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_Garibaldi)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/anita-garibaldi

## Summary
Anita Garibaldi was an Italian-Brazilian revolutionary who fought alongside her husband Giuseppe Garibaldi in the Italian unification movement. She is remembered as a courageous figure who participated in military campaigns and died in battle in 1849.

## Biography
- Born: August 30, 1821
- Nationality: Italian-Brazilian
- Education: Not specified in source material
- Known for: Revolutionary activities alongside Giuseppe Garibaldi
- Employer(s): Not applicable (revolutionary fighter)
- Field(s): Military resistance, revolutionary movements

## Contributions
Anita Garibaldi contributed to the Italian unification movement through direct military participation alongside her husband Giuseppe Garibaldi. She fought in various campaigns during the Risorgimento, the 19th-century movement for Italian unification. Her most significant contribution was her participation in the defense of Rome in 1849, where she ultimately died from wounds sustained in battle.

## FAQs
What was Anita Garibaldi's role in the Italian unification movement?
Anita Garibaldi was a revolutionary fighter who actively participated in military campaigns alongside her husband Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Italian unification movement, contributing to the Risorgimento efforts.

How did Anita Garibaldi die?
Anita Garibaldi died on August 4, 1849, from wounds sustained during the defense of Rome against French forces during the Italian unification conflicts.

What is Anita Garibaldi's connection to Brazil?
Anita Garibaldi was born in Brazil to Brazilian parents, making her Brazilian by birth before she married Giuseppe Garibaldi and became involved in Italian revolutionary activities.

## Why They Matter
Anita Garibaldi matters as a symbol of revolutionary commitment and female participation in military struggles during the 19th century. Her willingness to fight alongside her husband in dangerous military campaigns challenged contemporary gender norms and demonstrated the personal sacrifices made by those involved in the Italian unification movement. Her death in battle became a powerful symbol of dedication to the cause of Italian independence and unity.

## Notable For
- Fighting alongside Giuseppe Garibaldi in Italian unification campaigns
- Being one of the few women to actively participate in 19th-century military revolutionary movements
- Dying in battle during the defense of Rome in 1849
- Being recognized in Brazil's Livro dos Heróis e Heroínas da Pátria (Book of Heroes and Heroines of the Homeland)

## Body
### Early Life and Background
Anita Garibaldi was born Ana Maria de Jesus Ribeiro da Silva on August 30, 1821, in Brazil. She was of Brazilian nationality by birth, growing up in the Empire of Brazil during a period of significant political and social change. Her Brazilian heritage would later influence her revolutionary activities and her connection to both Brazilian and Italian independence movements.

### Meeting Giuseppe Garibaldi
Anita met Giuseppe Garibaldi while he was living in exile in South America. Their meeting occurred during Garibaldi's time in Brazil, where he had fled following political troubles in Italy. The couple formed a partnership that would last throughout their revolutionary activities, with Anita becoming not just Garibaldi's wife but also his comrade-in-arms.

### Revolutionary Activities
Anita Garibaldi participated actively in the Italian unification movement, known as the Risorgimento. She fought alongside her husband in various military campaigns, demonstrating exceptional courage and commitment to the cause of Italian independence. Her involvement in military operations was unusual for women of her time, making her a notable figure in revolutionary history.

### The Defense of Rome
The most significant military engagement involving Anita Garibaldi was the defense of Rome in 1849. During this campaign, French forces attacked the Roman Republic, which had been established following the flight of Pope Pius IX. Anita participated directly in the defense efforts, fighting alongside Garibaldi's forces against the superior French military.

### Death and Legacy
Anita Garibaldi died on August 4, 1849, from wounds sustained during the retreat following the fall of Rome. Her death occurred near Ravenna, Italy, marking a tragic end to her revolutionary career. Despite her relatively short life, Anita's legacy endured as a symbol of revolutionary dedication and female participation in military struggles.

### Recognition and Memorialization
In recognition of her contributions to revolutionary causes, Anita Garibaldi was included in Brazil's Livro dos Heróis e Heroínas da Pátria (Book of Heroes and Heroines of the Homeland), established in 1989. This honor reflects her significance not only to Italian history but also to Brazilian national memory, acknowledging her dual heritage and the international nature of revolutionary movements in the 19th century.

### Historical Context
Anita Garibaldi's life spanned a period of significant political transformation in both Brazil and Italy. The Empire of Brazil, where she was born, existed from 1822 to 1889, while the Italian unification movement occurred primarily between 1815 and 1871. Her participation in these movements connected the revolutionary currents of South America with those of Europe, demonstrating the international character of 19th-century independence and unification efforts.

## References

1. Archivio Storico Ricordi
2. Virtual International Authority File
3. BnF authorities
4. [Veja](https://veja.abril.com.br/entretenimento/anita-garibaldi-e-reconhecida-oficialmente-como-heroina-do-brasil/)
5. Integrated Authority File
6. Find a Grave
7. FemBio database
8. GeneaStar
9. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
10. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line
11. Enciclopedia Treccani
12. LIBRIS. 2012
13. Dizionario di Storia