# Angara-1.1 > cancelled Russian small-lift launch vehicle **Wikidata**: [Q20439545](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20439545) **Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/angara-1-1 ## Summary Angara-1.1 was a cancelled Russian small-lift launch vehicle and a variant of the Angara rocket family. It was designed as an expendable launch system within the broader modular Angara architecture developed by the Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. ## Key Facts - **Classification**: Cancelled Russian small-lift launch vehicle; instance of rocket model and abandoned project - **Rocket Family**: Subclass of the Angara rocket family - **Country of Origin**: Russia - **Developer**: Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center - **Manufacturer**: Production Corporation Polyot - **Engine**: Would have used the RD-191 liquid-propellant engine (shared across all Angara variants) - **Propellants**: RP-1 kerosene and liquid oxygen (LOX) - **Status**: Cancelled - **Google Knowledge Graph ID**: /g/11b5m3vrw6 ## FAQs **Q: What was the Angara-1.1?** A: Angara-1.1 was a planned small-lift launch vehicle variant within the Russian Angara rocket family. It was cancelled during development and never reached operational status. **Q: How did Angara-1.1 relate to other Angara variants?** A: Angara-1.1 was designed as the smallest variant in the Angara family, which includes the operational Angara-1.2 (small-lift), Angara-A3 (medium-lift, in development), and Angara-A5 (heavy-lift). All variants share the RD-191 engine and modular core stage architecture. **Q: Why was Angara-1.1 cancelled?** A: The source material does not provide specific reasons for the cancellation of Angara-1.1. It is classified as an abandoned project within the Angara development program. **Q: What engine would Angara-1.1 have used?** A: Like all Angara variants, Angara-1.1 would have been powered by the RD-191 single-chamber, staged-combustion liquid-propellant engine running on RP-1 kerosene and liquid oxygen. ## Why It Matters Angara-1.1 represents an early configuration concept within Russia's strategic shift toward modular launch capabilities. While cancelled, its planned existence demonstrates the flexibility of the Angara family's modular architecture, which was designed to scale from small-lift to heavy-lift missions using common core stages and the unified RD-191 propulsion system. The cancellation of Angara-1.1 allowed the program to focus resources on the Angara-1.2 variant for small-lift missions, which successfully reached operational status. The Angara family as a whole was developed to replace the aging Proton launch system and provide Russia with a domestically produced, flexible launch capability across multiple payload classes. ## Notable For - Being the only cancelled variant within the operational Angara rocket family - Representing the smallest configured variant in the Angara modular launch system - Sharing the unified RD-191 engine architecture with all other Angara variants - Being part of Russia's strategic replacement program for the Proton launch vehicle - Demonstrating the modularity limits of the Angara family design ## Body ### Overview Angara-1.1 was a cancelled small-lift launch vehicle variant of the Angara rocket family, an expendable launch system developed by Russia. The Angara family was designed by the Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and manufactured by Production Corporation Polyot to replace the older Proton launch system. The family uses a modular design approach where common core stages and the RD-191 engine can be assembled into different configurations to meet varying payload requirements. ### Rocket Family Context The Angara family encompasses multiple variants across different lift-capacity classes: - **Angara-1.2**: Small-lift, operational - **Angara-A3**: Medium-lift, planned/development - **Angara-A5**: Heavy-lift, operational - **Angara-1.1**: Small-lift, cancelled Angara-1.1 was classified as a subclass of the Angara rocket family and represented one of the initial small-lift configurations planned for the program. ### Development and Cancellation Angara-1.1 was developed as part of Russia's initiative to create a domestic, modular launch vehicle family. The project is now classified as both a rocket model and an abandoned project. The variant was cancelled before reaching operational status, with the small-lift role within the Angara family ultimately fulfilled by the Angara-1.2 variant. The Angara family development was led by: - **Developer**: Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center - **Manufacturer**: Production Corporation Polyot - **Country**: Russia ### Technical Architecture As part of the Angara family, Angara-1.1 would have incorporated the following shared technical elements: **Propulsion System** - **Engine**: RD-191 single-chamber, staged-combustion liquid-propellant engine - **Propellants**: RP-1 kerosene and liquid oxygen (LOX) - The RD-191 engine is used across all Angara variants, providing commonality in logistics and maintenance **Structural Design** - Modular architecture using common core stages - Carbon-composite and aluminum alloy tank construction - Designed for expendable operation (not reusable) ### Program Significance The Angara program, including the cancelled Angara-1.1 variant, was developed to address several strategic objectives: - Replace the aging Proton launch vehicle - Provide a domestically produced launch capability - Reduce dependence on foreign components - Offer flexibility across a broad range of payload masses - Support both governmental and commercial missions The modular design philosophy allowed the same core hardware to be configured for payloads ranging from small satellites to heavy payloads exceeding 30 tonnes to low Earth orbit. ### Related Projects The Angara family, including its cancelled variants, is positioned to support various Russian space missions: - **Luna 28**: Proposed lunar mission that could utilize Angara vehicles - **Venera-D**: Proposed Russian Venus probe that may use Angara for launch ### Naming and Heritage The Angara rocket family is named after the Angara River in Siberia, continuing the Russian tradition of naming launch vehicles after geographical features. The family represents continuity with Russia's historic launch expertise through its development by Khrunichev, Russia's premier launch-vehicle design bureau.