# An Empirical Comparison of Optimizers for Quantum Machine Learning with SPSA-Based Gradients

> Research article (2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE), 2023) · cited 22× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4389168221](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4389168221)  
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