# An Adaptive Pyramid Graph and Variation Residual-Based Anomaly Detection Network for Rail Surface Defects

> Research article (IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2021) · cited 61× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3211391700](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3211391700)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/an-adaptive-pyramid-graph-and-variation-residual-based-anomaly-detection-network-for-rail-surface-defects