# An Adaptive Finite-Time Force-Sensorless Tracking Control Scheme for Pneumatic Muscle Actuators by an Optimal Force Estimation

> Research article (IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 2021) · cited 16× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4205764549](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4205764549)  
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