# All-optical machine learning using diffractive deep neural networks

> Research article (Science, 2018) · cited 2,391× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2798701005](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2798701005)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/all-optical-machine-learning-using-diffractive-deep-neural-networks