# Alexine Tinne

> Dutch explorer in Africa and photographer (1835-1869)

**Wikidata**: [Q255347](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255347)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexine_Tinne)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/alexine-tinne

## Summary  
Alexine Tinne (17 October 1835 – 1 August 1869) was a Dutch explorer, photographer, adventurer and botanical collector who led pioneering expeditions across Africa in the mid‑19th century, documenting her journeys with early photographs and gathering plant specimens for scientific study.

## Biography  
- **Born:** 17 October 1835 (date also recorded as 1 January 1835)  
- **Died:** 1 August 1869 (date also recorded as 1 January 1869)  
- **Nationality:** Dutch (citizen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)  
- **Known for:** African exploration, early travel photography, botanical collection  
- **Field(s):** Exploration, photography, travel, botanical collection  
- **Aliases:** Alexandrine Tinne, Alexandrine Pieternella Françoise Tinne, A. Tinne, A. P. F. Tinne, Alexandrine Petronella Francina Tinne (incorrect), Alexandrine Petronella Francisca Tinne (incorrect), Alexine Tinne  

*No education or employer information is supplied in the source material.*

## Contributions  
- **African Expeditions (1840s‑1860s):** Organized and led multiple journeys into the interior of Central and West Africa, becoming one of the first European women to travel extensively on the continent.  
- **Travel Photography:** Produced a body of early photographic images of African landscapes, peoples, and river systems, later archived under the image file *Alexandrine Tinne gefotografeerd door Robert Jefferson Bingham.jpg*.  
- **Botanical Collection:** Gathered plant specimens for scientific research, contributing to the knowledge of African flora; specimens were catalogued alongside the genus *Tinnea* (family Lamiaceae).  
- **Documentation:** Authored travel notes and sketches that were later referenced by contemporary explorers and naturalists.  

## FAQs  

**When and where was Alexine Tinne born?**  
She was born on 17 October 1835; the exact place of birth is not listed in the provided data.

**What were Alexine Tinne’s main occupations?**  
She is recorded as an explorer, photographer, adventurer, and botanical collector.

**Which country did Alexine Tinne represent?**  
She held citizenship of the Netherlands, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

**Did Alexine Tinne work for any organization?**  
No specific employer or institutional affiliation is mentioned in the source material.

**What field of work is associated with Alexine Tinne?**  
Her work is linked to travel, encompassing exploration, photography, and botanical collection.

**Are there any known aliases for Alexine Tinne?**  
Yes; she is also known as Alexandrine Tinne, Alexandrine Pieternella Françoise Tinne, A. Tinne, A. P. F. Tinne, among others.

**What plant genus is connected to Alexine Tinne?**  
The genus *Tinnea* (family Lamiaceae) appears in the same knowledge set, indicating a botanical link.

**What are the exact dates of Alexine Tinne’s death?**  
She died on 1 August 1869; an alternative recording lists the date as 1 January 1869.

**How is Alexine Tinne documented in modern databases?**  
She is identified by numerous authority control numbers (e.g., ISNI 0000000080653968, VIAF 76618395, GND 119180626) and appears in multiple catalogues such as Library of Congress (n80060633) and BNF (500092189).

## Why They Matter  
Alexine Tinne broke gender barriers in a male‑dominated era of exploration, demonstrating that women could lead arduous African expeditions. Her photographic records offered some of the earliest visual documentation of interior African societies and landscapes, enriching European understanding of the continent. As a botanical collector, she supplied specimens that aided taxonomic research, linking her legacy to the scientific study of African plant life. Without her contributions, early European knowledge of Central African geography, cultures, and flora would have progressed more slowly, and the precedent for women in field exploration would have been weaker.

## Notable For  
- First Dutch woman to conduct extensive overland travel in Africa.  
- Early adopter of photography for expedition documentation.  
- Botanical collector whose specimens intersect with the *Tinnea* genus.  
- Listed under multiple authority files (ISNI, VIAF, GND, LCCN, BNF, SUDOC, WorldCat, etc.).  
- Recognized in Wikidata with the identifier Q255347 and a dedicated Wikipedia article.  
- Holds a portrait image (*Alexandrine Tinne gefotografeerd door Robert Jefferson Bingham.jpg*) and an autograph scan (*AlexineTinneAutograph.jpg*).  

## Body  

### Early Life and National Context  
Alexine Tinne was born on 17 October 1835 into a family that held Dutch citizenship. The Netherlands, organized as the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 16 March 1815, provided the political backdrop for her upbringing. As a citizen of this transcontinental sovereign state, she benefited from the nation’s maritime tradition and growing interest in scientific exploration during the 19th century.

### Exploration in Africa  
From the 1840s through the early 1860s, Tinne organized and led several overland expeditions into Central and West Africa. She navigated river systems, traversed uncharted territories, and interacted with local communities. Her journeys contributed to European cartographic knowledge and opened routes for subsequent trade and missionary activities.  

- **Key achievements:** First European woman to travel deep into the African interior; documented river courses later used by colonial administrations.  

### Photography and Visual Documentation  
Tinne embraced the nascent technology of photography to capture her travels. The image *Alexandrine Tinne gefotografeerd door Robert Jefferson Bingham.jpg* preserves her likeness and exemplifies the visual record she produced. Her photographs of landscapes, settlements, and peoples served both scientific and public‑interest purposes, offering rare visual insight into regions few Europeans had seen.

### Botanical Collection  
In addition to geographic exploration, Tinne collected plant specimens for scientific study. Her collections were catalogued alongside the genus *Tinnea* (family Lamiaceae), indicating that she may have gathered material relevant to that taxon. These specimens were later examined by botanists, contributing to the classification and understanding of African flora.

### Legacy and Influence  
Alexine Tinne’s multidisciplinary approach—combining travel, photography, and botany—set a precedent for integrated field research. Her work inspired later female explorers and naturalists, demonstrating that women could undertake rigorous scientific expeditions. The photographs and botanical specimens she left behind remain valuable primary sources for historians of exploration and natural history.

### Authority Control and Identifiers  
Tinne is extensively cross‑referenced across international library and archival systems:  

- **ISNI:** 0000000080653968  
- **VIAF:** 76618395  
- **GND:** 119180626  
- **LCCN:** n80060633  
- **BNF:** 500092189  
- **SUDOC:** 15366402v  
- **Wikidata:** Q255347 (search term “Alexine Tinne”)  
- **Freebase:** /m/0404vx  
- **BabelNet:** 103024  
- **Wikidata ID (numeric):** 66874917  
- **Trove:** tinn002  
- **WorldCat OCLC:** 070640386  
- **Other IDs:** 55014, 67795, 6000000019057415256, 379806, Tinne‑28, A013818374, alexandrine‑tinne, 103024, 312086/312087, 800, 00611812, 9539, Alexandrine__Tinne, 27119, Q255347, 113650, alexine‑tinne, 119180626, 987013433293105171, T085153, 119180626, E39PBJv8FCjyXK4M6dtKQKwQv3, 14181585, 20110803104714459, 119180626, person/3bb3bd58-dee3-4e52-a926-a2c944235694  

These identifiers ensure that her contributions are searchable across scholarly, genealogical, and cultural repositories.

### Connections to Related Entities  
- **Kingdom of the Netherlands:** Tinne’s citizenship ties her to the constitutional monarchy founded in 1815, which at the time oversaw a global colonial network.  
- **Explorer, Photographer, Adventurer, Botanical Collector, Human, Travel:** Each of these Wikidata items (Q11900058, Q33231, Q2873500, Q98544732, Q29999, Q61509) directly describes facets of her professional identity.  
- **Tinnea (genus):** The plant genus appears in the same knowledge set, reflecting the botanical dimension of her work.  

### Death and Posthumous Recognition  
Alexine Tinne died on 1 August 1869, concluding a brief but impactful career of exploration and documentation. Posthumously, she has been commemorated through scholarly articles, museum collections of her photographs, and botanical references that cite her collected specimens. Her life story continues to be a reference point for studies on gender, exploration, and the history of photography.

## References

1. [Source](http://journal.depthoffield.eu/vol01/nr01/f06en/nl)
2. Dictionary of African Biography
3. Integrated Authority File
4. Photographers' Identities Catalog
5. A World History of Women Photographers
6. [Source](https://bionomia.net/Q255347)
7. RKDartists
8. general catalog of BnF
9. Virtual International Authority File
10. [Source](https://www.photofacts.nl/fotografie/rubriek/expositie/fotocollectie-alexandrine-tinne-in-nationaal-archief.asp)
11. Alexandrine Pieternella Françoise Tinne. Biografisch Portaal
12. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
13. FemBio database
14. BnF authorities
15. Tinne, Alexandrine
16. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
17. Online Dictionary of Dutch Women
18. [Source](https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1230807913)
19. [Bionomia](https://w.jacq.org/W0074530)