# Alexandra Kollontai

> Soviet diplomat (1872-1952)

**Wikidata**: [Q179558](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179558)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Kollontai)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/alexandra-kollontai

## Summary

Alexandra Kollontai was born on March 31, 1872, in Saint Petersburg [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and died on March 9, 1952, in Moscow [7][9][10][11][1][2][3][4][6][8]. She spoke Russian as her native language [12] and received her education at the University of Zurich . Her professional life encompassed roles as a revolutionary, diplomat, women's rights activist, writer, political theorist, and People's Commissar [13].Her personal life included marriages to Vladimir Liudvigovich Kollontay and Pavel Dybenko [10]. Throughout her career, she received several honors, including the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, the Order of the Aztec Eagle, and the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav [14][15][16][17]. She was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery [1].

## Summary
Alexandra Kollontai (1872–1952) was a Russian-born Soviet diplomat, revolutionary, and women's rights activist. She is recognized for her political and diplomatic roles in the Soviet state and for her work as a writer, political theorist, and feminist.

## Biography
- Born: 1872 (Russian Empire)
- Nationality: Born in the Russian Empire; later associated with the Soviet Union
- Education: University of Zurich (affiliation listed)
- Known for: Service as a Soviet diplomat and her activism and writing on women's rights and political theory
- Employer(s): Soviet Union; affiliated with Kommunistka (Soviet communist magazine); University of Zurich (affiliation)
- Field(s): Diplomacy, revolutionary politics, women's rights activism, writing, political theory, sociology, feminism, party politics

## Contributions
- The provided source material does not list specific named publications, patents, companies, or dated papers authored by Alexandra Kollontai.  
- She is recorded as a writer and political theorist and is associated with the Soviet communist magazine Kommunistka.  
- She served in diplomatic and governmental roles within the Soviet Union and is connected in the source material to the office type "People's Commissar."  
- She is associated with the Workers' Opposition (a faction of the Russian Communist Party) in the provided relationships.  
- An asteroid, 2467 Kollontai, appears among related items connected to her name.

## FAQs
Q: Who was Alexandra Kollontai?  
A: Alexandra Kollontai was a Russian-born Soviet diplomat, revolutionary, writer, and women's rights activist active during the period spanning the late Russian Empire and the Soviet Union (1872–1952).

Q: What roles did she hold in government and politics?  
A: The source identifies her as a Soviet diplomat and links her to revolutionary and political roles; it also lists the office type "People's Commissar" among related governmental entities and associates her with the Workers' Opposition faction.

Q: What was her connection to women's rights and feminism?  
A: The provided material lists Kollontai as a women's rights activist and a feminist, and it identifies her as a writer and political theorist concerned with those areas.

Q: Where did she receive education?  
A: The source lists the University of Zurich as an affiliation in her education background.

Q: What awards did she receive?  
A: The source lists three awards associated with her: the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and the Order of the Aztec Eagle.

Q: Is there anything named after her?  
A: Yes; the related items include an asteroid, 2467 Kollontai.

Q: Under what other names is she known?  
A: She is also known by the aliases Alexandra Mikhaylovna Kollontay and Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai.

## Why They Matter
Alexandra Kollontai matters because she embodied multiple influential roles in early 20th-century Russian and Soviet public life: as a revolutionary and politician during the transition from the Russian Empire to the Soviet Union; as a diplomat representing Soviet interests abroad; and as a writer and political theorist who focused on women's rights and social issues. Her combination of political office, public advocacy, and writing positioned her at the intersection of domestic social policy and international representation. The awards listed in the source material — including the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour — indicate state recognition of her contributions. Her association with Kommunistka and with party factions such as the Workers' Opposition reflect engagement with ideological currents inside the Communist movement. The existence of an asteroid bearing the Kollontai name and continued references in reference databases (sitelink_count: 85) point to a lasting historical footprint.

## Notable For
- Soviet diplomat and revolutionary active during the period spanning the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union (1872–1952).  
- Recognized as a women's rights activist, feminist, writer, and political theorist.  
- Associated with the Workers' Opposition faction of the Russian Communist Party (as listed in related items).  
- Connection to the Soviet magazine Kommunistka.  
- Affiliated with the University of Zurich in her education record.  
- Recipient (per source list) of the Order of Lenin.  
- Recipient (per source list) of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.  
- Recipient (per source list) of the Order of the Aztec Eagle.  
- Namesake-related item: asteroid 2467 Kollontai.  
- Known under variants of her name: Alexandra Mikhaylovna Kollontay and Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai.  
- Entry in reference systems under the wikipedia title "Alexandra Kollontai" and a sitelink_count of 85 in the provided dataset.  
- Described in the source's short description as "Soviet diplomat (1872–1952)."

## Body

### Early life and identity
- Born in 1872 within the territorial context of the Russian Empire.  
- Died in 1952, leaving a historical span that covers the late Imperial period and the formative decades of the Soviet Union.  
- Known by multiple transliterations and forms of her name: Alexandra Mikhaylovna Kollontay and Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai.  
- Cataloged in modern reference systems under the wikipedia title "Alexandra Kollontai" and summarized in the source metadata as "Soviet diplomat (1872–1952)."

### Education and affiliations
- The University of Zurich is recorded as an affiliation in her educational background.  
- The source lists an affiliation with the Soviet communist magazine Kommunistka, indicating involvement in party-related publication channels.

### Political and governmental roles
- The source identifies her as a revolutionary and as a politician associated with the Soviet Union.  
- She is described as a diplomat for the Soviet state.  
- The related concepts include the office type "People's Commissar," signifying that she is linked in the dataset to government ministerial structures (the People's Commissar being the equivalent of a government minister in the Soviet system).  
- The Workers' Opposition, listed among related items, ties her in the source material to intra-party currents and factions active in the Russian Communist Party after 1920.

### Intellectual work and activism
- The provided dataset classifies her as a writer, political theorist, sociologist, and women's rights activist.  
- She is explicitly labeled as a feminist in the related items.  
- The source connects her to Kommunistka, a Soviet communist magazine founded around 1920, suggesting involvement with ideological discussion and publication.  
- No specific titles, dates, or contents of written works are listed in the provided material.

### Recognition and honors
- The source lists three state honors associated with her: the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and the Order of the Aztec Eagle.  
- The Order of Lenin is noted in the material as the Soviet Union's highest decoration (inception 1930).  
- The Order of the Red Banner of Labour is listed as a Soviet order (inception 1928).  
- The Order of the Aztec Eagle is included among recognitions (inception 1933) and is Mexico's highest decoration for foreigners.

### Legacy and commemoration
- The name Kollontai appears in astronomical nomenclature as 2467 Kollontai (an asteroid) among related items in the dataset.  
- Her lasting footprint in reference databases is reflected by a sitelink_count of 85 in the provided metadata, indicating multiple language links or cross-references in structured data sources.

### Cataloging and reference data
- Wikidata-style description in the source: "Soviet diplomat (1872-1952)."  
- Wikipedia title listed as "Alexandra Kollontai."  
- The provided dataset includes a sitelink_count value of 85, reflecting the breadth of linked references under her name.

### Associations summarized
- Political and ideological: revolutionary, Bolshevik-era party politics, Workers' Opposition (faction).  
- Professional: diplomat, People's Commissar (office type link), politician.  
- Intellectual and social: writer, political theorist, sociologist, women's rights activist, feminist.  
- Institutional: Universitet of Zurich (education affiliation), Kommunistka (magazine affiliation), Soviet Union (employer/state).  
- Honors and commemorations: Order of Lenin; Order of the Red Banner of Labour; Order of the Aztec Eagle; asteroid 2467 Kollontai.

(End of entry.)

## References

1. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)
2. Integrated Authority File
3. BnF authorities
4. BiographySampo
5. The National Biography of Finland
6. datos.bne.es
7. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
8. Virtual International Authority File
9. data.bibliotheken.nl
10. Biografiskt lexikon för Finland
11. Russian Wikipedia
12. Find a Grave
13. Great Russian Encyclopedia
14. [Source](https://ria.ru/20170707/1491779535.html)
15. [Source](https://sputniknews.lat/20220401/alexandra-kollontai-la-mujer-que-finco-las-bases-comerciales-entre-rusia-y-mexico-1123865301.html)
16. [The first soviet ambassador to norway, alexandra kollontai, at the...](https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/the-first-soviet-ambassador-to-norway-alexandra-kollontai-news-photo/170987014)
17. International Standard Name Identifier
18. CiNii Research
19. Lingua Libre
20. FemBio database
21. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
22. Munzinger Personen
23. Aleksandra Kollontaj. Biografiskt lexikon för Finland
24. Writers of St. Petersburg. XX century
25. SNAC
26. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
27. OpenEdition
28. [Source](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-476-03702-2_184)
29. [Source](https://www.agspak-buecher.de/G-Notz-Hg-Wegbereiterinnen-Beruehmte-und-zu-Unrecht-vergessene-Frauen-aus-der-Geschichte)
30. nobelprize.org
31. [Source](http://purl.org/pressemappe20/beaconlist/pe)
32. LIBRIS. 2014
33. [Source](https://www.lanacion.com.ar/cultura/las-obras-de-que-escritores-quedan-libres-de-derechos-en-2023-nid02012023/)
34. Catalogo of the National Library of India