# Alexander Alekhine

> Russian-French chess player (1892–1946)

**Wikidata**: [Q131374](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131374)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Alekhine)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/alexander-alekhine

## Summary
Alexander Alekhine was a Russian-French chess player (1892–1946) who became the world chess champion in 1927 and 1935, known for his innovative playing style and contributions to chess theory. He was also a jurist, writer, and translator, earning the George Medal for his service during World War I.

## Biography
- Born: October 31, 1892 (or October 10, 1892, depending on calendar), Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
- Nationality: Russian (later French)
- Education: Saint Petersburg State University, University of Paris, Imperial School of Jurisprudence
- Known for: World chess champion, chess theoretician, jurist, and writer
- Employer(s): Saint Petersburg State University, University of Paris, Imperial School of Jurisprudence
- Field(s): Chess, law, literature

## Contributions
- **Chess Theory**: Developed the Alekhine's Defence (1. e4 Nf6) and the Alekhine's gun (a rook-and-queen formation).
- **Chess Tournaments**: Won the world chess championship in 1927 and 1935, organizing the Alekhine Memorial tournament in 1913.
- **Legal Career**: Served as a jurist and translator, earning the George Medal for his military service during World War I.
- **Literary Works**: Wrote and translated works, contributing to the literary and legal fields.

## FAQs
**What was Alexander Alekhine's most significant achievement in chess?**
Alekhine became the world chess champion in 1927 and 1935, known for his innovative playing style and contributions to chess theory, including the Alekhine's Defence and Alekhine's gun.

**Where did Alexander Alekhine study?**
He attended Saint Petersburg State University, the University of Paris, and the Imperial School of Jurisprudence, earning degrees in law and literature.

**What awards did Alexander Alekhine receive?**
He was awarded the George Medal for his service during World War I and was recognized as a world chess champion.

**What chess openings and formations did Alexander Alekhine develop?**
He developed the Alekhine's Defence (1. e4 Nf6) and the Alekhine's gun, a rook-and-queen formation.

**What was Alexander Alekhine's role in the literary and legal fields?**
He was a jurist, writer, and translator, contributing to legal scholarship and literary works.

## Why They Matter
Alexander Alekhine's influence on chess is profound, as he revolutionized the game with his innovative strategies and openings. His world championship victories and theoretical contributions shaped modern chess. As a jurist and writer, he also left a mark in law and literature, earning recognition for his service during World War I. His legacy endures through the Alekhine Memorial tournament and his enduring impact on the game.

## Notable For
- World chess champion (1927, 1935)
- Developer of the Alekhine's Defence (1. e4 Nf6) and Alekhine's gun
- Recipient of the George Medal for military service
- Jurisprudence graduate from the Imperial School of Jurisprudence
- Organizer of the Alekhine Memorial tournament (1913)
- Author and translator of literary and legal works

## Body

### Early Life and Education
Alexander Alekhine was born on October 31, 1892 (or October 10, 1892, depending on calendar) in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire. He studied at Saint Petersburg State University, the University of Paris, and the Imperial School of Jurisprudence, earning degrees in law and literature. His education laid the foundation for his career in chess, law, and writing.

### Chess Career
Alekhine became a prominent chess player, winning the world championship in 1927 and 1935. He was known for his innovative playing style and contributions to chess theory, including the development of the Alekhine's Defence (1. e4 Nf6) and the Alekhine's gun, a rook-and-queen formation. He also organized the Alekhine Memorial tournament in 1913, which honored his chess legacy.

### Legal and Literary Career
In addition to chess, Alekhine was a jurist and writer. He served as a translator and contributed to legal scholarship, earning the George Medal for his service during World War I. His literary works included translations and original writings, further expanding his intellectual contributions.

### Awards and Recognition
Alekhine received the George Medal for his military service during World War I and was recognized as a world chess champion. His awards and honors reflect his multifaceted career and contributions to chess, law, and literature.

### Legacy
Alexander Alekhine's legacy endures through his impact on chess, his innovative strategies, and his literary and legal works. The Alekhine Memorial tournament and his theoretical contributions continue to influence the game, while his service during World War I and legal career are remembered in their respective fields.

## References

1. Integrated Authority File
2. BnF authorities
3. [Source](https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6529751g/f18.image.r=Alexander%20Alekhine?rk=21459;2)
4. Czech National Authority Database
5. Virtual International Authority File
6. CiNii Research
7. SNAC
8. Find a Grave
9. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
10. Proleksis Encyclopedia
11. Munzinger Personen
12. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
13. OlimpBase
14. CONOR.SI
15. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line
16. Enciclopedia Treccani
17. LIBRIS. 2012
18. Golden
19. Catalogo of the National Library of India