# Albert Camus

> French philosopher, author, and journalist (1913–1960)

**Wikidata**: [Q34670](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34670)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Camus)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/albert-camus

## Summary
Albert Camus was a French philosopher, author, and journalist best known for his contributions to existentialist thought and literature. His works, including *The Stranger* and *The Myth of Sisyphus*, explore themes of absurdity, rebellion, and human existence, earning him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957.

## Biography
- **Born**: November 7, 1913, in Mondovi, French Algeria
- **Died**: January 4, 1960, in Villeblevin, France
- **Nationality**: French
- **Education**: Studied philosophy at the University of Algiers
- **Known for**: Exploring themes of absurdity, rebellion, and existentialism in literature and philosophy
- **Employer(s)**: *L'Express*, *Alger républicain*, *Combat*, *Paris-Soir*
- **Field(s)**: Philosophy, literature, journalism

## Contributions
Albert Camus made significant contributions to literature and philosophy through his novels, essays, and plays. His notable works include:
- *The Stranger* (1942), a novel that explores the absurdity of human existence.
- *The Myth of Sisyphus* (1942), an essay that delves into the concept of the absurd and the human condition.
- *The Plague* (1947), a novel that uses an allegory of a plague to examine human suffering and solidarity.
- *The Fall* (1956), a philosophical novel that explores themes of guilt and judgment.
- *The Rebel* (1951), an essay that examines the nature of rebellion and its limits.

Camus also wrote plays such as *Caligula* and was involved in journalism, contributing to various newspapers and magazines.

## FAQs
**Q: What are Albert Camus's most famous works?**
A: Albert Camus's most famous works include *The Stranger*, *The Myth of Sisyphus*, *The Plague*, *The Fall*, and *The Rebel*. These works explore themes of absurdity, rebellion, and human existence.

**Q: Where did Albert Camus study?**
A: Albert Camus studied philosophy at the University of Algiers.

**Q: What is the concept of the absurd in Camus's philosophy?**
A: The concept of the absurd in Camus's philosophy refers to the conflict between the human tendency to seek meaning in life and the silent, indifferent universe. This theme is central to his works, particularly *The Myth of Sisyphus*.

**Q: What newspapers and magazines did Camus contribute to?**
A: Camus contributed to several newspapers and magazines, including *L'Express*, *Alger républicain*, *Combat*, and *Paris-Soir*.

**Q: What is the significance of *The Plague*?**
A: *The Plague* is significant for its allegorical exploration of human suffering and solidarity in the face of adversity. It reflects Camus's philosophical views on the human condition and the struggle against absurdity.

## Why They Matter
Albert Camus's work has had a profound impact on existentialist philosophy and literature. His exploration of the absurd and the human condition has influenced countless thinkers, writers, and artists. Camus's ideas on rebellion and the limits of human action continue to resonate in contemporary debates on ethics, politics, and social justice. Without Camus, modern existentialist thought and literature would lack a critical voice that challenges conventional moral and philosophical frameworks.

## Notable For
- **Nobel Prize in Literature**: Awarded in 1957 for his significant contributions to literature.
- **Exploration of the Absurd**: Central theme in his works, particularly *The Myth of Sisyphus*.
- **Influence on Existentialism**: Shaped modern existentialist thought through his philosophical and literary works.
- **Journalistic Contributions**: Contributed to major newspapers and magazines, including *L'Express* and *Combat*.
- **Notable Works**: *The Stranger*, *The Plague*, *The Fall*, and *The Rebel*.

## Body

### Early Life and Education
Albert Camus was born on November 7, 1913, in Mondovi, French Algeria. He grew up in a working-class family and studied philosophy at the University of Algiers. His early experiences in Algeria significantly influenced his later works, which often explore themes of alienation and the human condition.

### Literary and Philosophical Works
Camus's literary and philosophical works are marked by their exploration of the absurd and the human struggle for meaning. *The Stranger* (1942) is a seminal novel that examines the absurdity of human existence through the story of Meursault, a man who commits a senseless murder and faces trial. *The Myth of Sisyphus* (1942) is an essay that delves into the concept of the absurd, arguing that life's meaning is found in the struggle itself.

*The Plague* (1947) is a novel that uses the allegory of a plague to explore human suffering, solidarity, and the struggle against adversity. *The Fall* (1956) is a philosophical novel that examines themes of guilt and judgment through the confession of Jean-Baptiste Clamence. *The Rebel* (1951) is an essay that explores the nature of rebellion and its limits, arguing for a balance between individual freedom and collective responsibility.

### Journalism and Political Engagement
Camus was actively involved in journalism and contributed to several newspapers and magazines, including *L'Express*, *Alger républicain*, *Combat*, and *Paris-Soir*. His journalistic work reflected his political and philosophical views, often addressing issues of social justice, human rights, and the struggle against oppression.

### Influence and Legacy
Albert Camus's work has had a lasting impact on existentialist philosophy and literature. His exploration of the absurd and the human condition has influenced countless thinkers, writers, and artists. Camus's ideas on rebellion and the limits of human action continue to resonate in contemporary debates on ethics, politics, and social justice. His works remain widely read and studied, and his philosophical insights continue to inspire new generations of scholars and readers.

### Awards and Recognition
Camus was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957 for his significant contributions to literature. His works have been translated into numerous languages and continue to be celebrated for their profound insights into the human condition.

### Connected Entities
Camus's work intersects with the ideas of other notable philosophers and writers, including Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Simone de Beauvoir. His influence extends to various fields, including philosophy, literature, journalism, and political thought.

## References

1. [Internetowa encyklopedia PWN](https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Camus-Albert;3882957.html)
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9. Albert Camus. A Life
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11. [Masterpieces of French Literature](https://books.google.com/books?id=UqeNR5qdHSkC&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=%22Francine+Faure+arrived+in+Lyon+in+December+1940,+and+she+and+Camus+were+married+there+on+December+3%22&source=bl&ots=j02mWzYwCD&sig=JTpZYIz90PTZMKZ2vVMi6OvypW4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjw4aOjl_HYAhVLthQKHUJ8AfcQ6AEINjAB#v=onepage&q=%22Francine%20Faure%20arrived%20in%20Lyon%20in%20December%201940%2C%20and%20she%20and%20Camus%20were%20married%20there%20on%20December%203%22&f=false)
12. [Albert Camus. Infobase Publishing. 2009](https://books.google.com/books?id=ihqHSbg41TUC&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=%22Francine+Faure%22+%22until+his+death%22&source=bl&ots=0ueGOwSaiP&sig=_NQWLrAgkHQAFnnMSK7N_rX_Jn0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiNpLXwmPHYAhUI1hQKHQ6bAC8Q6AEITzAI#v=onepage&q=%22Francine%20Faure%22%20%22until%20his%20death%22&f=false)
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25. [Source](https://books.google.es/books?id=K7svjrECccAC&pg=PA1954&lpg=PA1954&dq=%2219+March+1944%22+%22Casares+first+saw+Camus+initiating+both+a+professional+and+a+personal+association%22&source=bl&ots=-Hc3uMaedT&sig=1dNVE2Rs8xGFs91XgNY0TLH9ZK0&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwioteKL7YTZAhWIWhQKHX5fChAQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%2219%20March%201944%22%20%22Casares%20first%20saw%20Camus%20initiating%20both%20a%20professional%20and%20a%20personal%20association%22&f=false)
26. [Source](https://books.google.es/books?id=x3b7CAAAQBAJ&pg=PT212&dq=%22When+Camus+announced+that+his+%E2%80%9Csister%E2%80%9D+was+pregnant,+Maria%22+%22broke+with+him%22&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjZrbr694TZAhXJXhQKHT03De8Q6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22When%20Camus%20announced%20that%20his%20%E2%80%9Csister%E2%80%9D%20was%20pregnant%2C%20Maria%22%20%22broke%20with%20him%22&f=false)
27. [Source](https://camus-society.com/2017/11/29/albert-camus-biography-1943-51/)
28. [Source](https://books.google.es/books?id=x3b7CAAAQBAJ&pg=PT235&lpg=PT235&dq=%22Albert+and+Mamaine+threw+themselves+into+a+passionate+love+affair%22&source=bl&ots=PB-_EerrBr&sig=NWjHaI5Ooe4eTKsITzAlb5PREC4&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqu-uTo4XZAhVKuhQKHeU2A2UQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22Albert%20and%20Mamaine%20threw%20themselves%20into%20a%20passionate%20love%20affair%22&f=false)
29. [Source](https://books.google.es/books?id=bO7ANkFkH0UC&pg=PA295&lpg=PA295&dq=%22she+and+Camus+also+danced+cheek+to+cheek,+and+exchanged+furtive+kisses+%22&source=bl&ots=btCpoIpluk&sig=yUUbiRA9RsZ5qir7mZYpC4ZJhIc&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiKz_WHqYXZAhVDXRQKHZBRCw4Q6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22she%20and%20Camus%20also%20danced%20cheek%20to%20cheek%2C%20and%20exchanged%20furtive%20kisses%20%22&f=false)
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31. [Source](https://books.google.es/books?id=x3b7CAAAQBAJ&pg=PT236&lpg=PT236&dq=%22His+passions,+not+his+transitory+affairs%22+%22Mamaine,+British%22&source=bl&ots=PB-_FlqqAu&sig=YADft_En0NlGBtSMdY7B-TLRIHw&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJwseqmIrZAhVKbhQKHTLjAPIQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22His%20passions%2C%20not%20his%20transitory%20affairs%22%20%22Mamaine%2C%20British%22&f=false)
32. [Source](https://books.google.es/books?id=nrvLNBjEuXgC&pg=PT444&lpg=PT444&dq=%22On+June+18,+1948,+Camus+ran+into+Maria+Casar%C3%A8s%22+%22From+then+on,+they+were+never+separated%22&source=bl&ots=g4HYkN0r4k&sig=La8pfFLESF4MjwLYU_zYbscwdmI&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimz7GY8ITZAhXF0RQKHf0uDFMQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22On%20June%2018%2C%201948%2C%20Camus%20ran%20into%20Maria%20Casar%C3%A8s%22%20%22From%20then%20on%2C%20they%20were%20never%20separated%22&f=false)
33. [Source](https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-lover-of-the-absurd-1.129676)
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35. [Source](http://next.liberation.fr/livres/2013/09/18/camus-un-peu-moins-etranger_932972)
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