# Al-Ashraf Khalil

> Sultan of Egypt and Syria (r. 1290–1293)

**Wikidata**: [Q392815](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392815)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ashraf_Khalil)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/al-ashraf-khalil

## Summary

Al-Ashraf Khalil was a Sultan of Egypt and Syria who reigned from 1290 to 1293, ruling within the Mamluk Sultanate. He is recognized as a ruler and military commander, most notably for leading the Siege of Acre in 1291. He is also known by multiple names, including Al-Malik al-Ashraf, Salah ad-Din Khalil, and al-Malik al-Ashraf Khalīl b. Qalāwūn Sayf al-Dīn.

## Biography

- **Born:** Date and place not specified in available sources
- **Nationality:** Associated with Egypt and Syria (Mamluk Sultanate, established 1250)
- **Education:** Not specified in available sources
- **Known for:** Serving as Sultan of Egypt and Syria and commanding military forces, including during the Siege of Acre (1291)
- **Employer(s):** Not applicable; held sovereign rulership
- **Field(s):** Governance, military command

## Contributions

Al-Ashraf Khalil's primary recorded contribution was his leadership during the Siege of Acre in 1291. As a military commander and Sultan ruling over the Mamluk Sultanate—a state encompassing Egypt, Hejaz, and the Levant (founded in 1250)—he directed military operations that had lasting consequences for the region. His reign, though brief (1290–1293), placed him at the head of a major political and military power in the medieval Islamic world.

## FAQs

**What was Al-Ashraf Khalil's role?**
He was the Sultan of Egypt and Syria from 1290 to 1293, functioning as both a sovereign ruler and a military commander over the Mamluk Sultanate.

**What was the Mamluk Sultanate?**
The Mamluk Sultanate was a state that governed Egypt, Hejaz, and the Levant from 1250 to 1517. Al-Ashraf Khalil ruled as one of its sultans during the late 13th century.

**What was the Siege of Acre?**
The Siege of Acre was a military engagement in 1291 in which Al-Ashraf Khalil commanded forces as part of his role as Sultan and military leader.

**What names was Al-Ashraf Khalil known by?**
He was also known as Al-Malik al-Ashraf, Salah ad-Din Khalil, al-Malik al-Ashraf Khalīl b. Qalāwūn Sayf al-Dīn, and Al-Ashraf Salāh ad-Dīn Khalil ibn Qalawūn.

## Why They Matter

Al-Ashraf Khalil's significance lies in his dual role as both a sovereign ruler and an active military commander during a pivotal period in the Mamluk Sultanate's history. His leadership of the Siege of Acre in 1291 marked a major military event in the region. As Sultan, he governed a vast territory spanning Egypt, Hejaz, and the Levant, exercising political and military authority over one of the most powerful states in the medieval Middle East. His reign, though spanning only three years, represented continued Mamluk dominance in the region following the Sultanate's establishment in 1250.

## Notable For

- Serving as Sultan of Egypt and Syria from 1290 to 1293
- Holding the title of military commander during the Siege of Acre (1291)
- Ruling over the Mamluk Sultanate, a state covering Egypt, Hejaz, and the Levant
- Being recognized under multiple names and honorifics, including Salah ad-Din Khalil and al-Malik al-Ashraf Khalīl b. Qalāwūn Sayf al-Dīn
- Commanding one of the most significant military sieges of the late 13th century

## Body

### Identity and Titles

Al-Ashraf Khalil was a human, a member of Homo sapiens, who held the role of ruler—a person who reigns over a certain region or country. He functioned simultaneously as a military commander, defined as a person commanding a military force. His full name and aliases include Al-Malik al-Ashraf, Salah ad-Din Khalil, al-Malik al-Ashraf Khalīl b. Qalāwūn Sayf al-Dīn, and Al-Ashraf Salāh ad-Dīn Khalil ibn Qalawūn. His Wikidata description identifies him as the Sultan of Egypt and Syria, with a reign dated from 1290 to 1293.

### The Mamluk Sultanate

Al-Ashraf Khalil ruled within the Mamluk Sultanate, a state that governed Egypt, Hejaz, and the Levant. The Sultanate was established in 1250 and persisted until 1517. During his reign (1290–1293), Al-Ashraf Khalil presided over this expansive polity roughly four decades after its inception. The country associated with the Mamluk Sultanate in records is Egypt.

### Military Leadership: The Siege of Acre

As a military commander, Al-Ashraf Khalil led the Siege of Acre in 1291. This engagement is documented as a distinct historical event with significant regional importance. The siege is linked to a specific country identifier and has been referenced across 36 sitelinks, indicating its broad documentation across various knowledge platforms.

### Digital and Academic Presence

Al-Ashraf Khalil's Wikipedia entry carries the title "Al-Ashraf Khalil," and his associated Wikidata entity has 31 sitelinks connecting to various language editions and knowledge resources. His related entities—human, ruler, and military commander—connect him to broader categories with sitelink counts of 273, 18, and 5 respectively, reflecting the varying degrees of documentation across these classifications.

## References

1. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
2. Quora