# Adversarial Threats to AI-Driven Systems: Exploring the Attack Surface of Machine Learning Models and Countermeasures

> Research article (Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 2025) · cited 12× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4407544528](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4407544528)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/adversarial-threats-to-ai-driven-systems-exploring-the-attack-surface-of-machine-learning-models-and-countermeasures