# Adelaide

> capital city of South Australia

**Wikidata**: [Q5112](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5112)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/adelaide

## Summary
Adelaide is the capital city of South Australia, officially founded on December 28, 1836, and designed by Colonel William Light. As of the 2021 census, its Greater Capital City Statistical Area had a population of 1,387,290. The city is a UNESCO City of Music and serves as the administrative center for 19 local government areas.

## Key Facts
- **Official Name**: Adelaide
- **Location**: South Australia, Australia (Coordinates: -34.9275°, 138.6°)
- **Foundation**: December 28, 1836
- **Designer**: William Light
- **Population (2021 Census)**: 1,387,290 (Greater Capital City Statistical Area), 1,245,011 (Urban Centre and Locality)
- **Area**: 1,295 square kilometres
- **Elevation**: 1 metre above sea level
- **Time Zone**: UTC+09:30 (standard), UTC+10:30 (daylight saving)
- **Postal Code**: 5000
- **Official Languages**: Australian English, Auslan
- **Current Lord Mayor**: Jane Lomax-Smith (since 2022)
- **UN/LOCODE**: AUADL
- **UNESCO Designation**: City of Music (since 2015)
- **Sovereignty**: Australia (since January 1, 1901), previously United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1836–1901)

## FAQs
**What is the historical significance of Adelaide's founding?**
Adelaide was founded on December 28, 1836, and designed by William Light. It transitioned from British colonial rule under the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to become part of the Commonwealth of Australia on January 1, 1901.

**What is Adelaide's role as a capital city?**
Adelaide is the capital of South Australia, a role it has held since its inception in 1836. It is the seat of government and contains 19 local government administrative areas, including the City of Adelaide itself, plus surrounding councils like Burnside, Marion, and Salisbury.

**What are the demographic and geographic details of Adelaide?**
Adelaide covers 1,295 square kilometres and sits at an elevation of 1 metre above sea level at coordinates -34.9275°, 138.6°. The city has a population of 1,387,290 (Greater Adelaide, 2021) and experiences time zones of UTC+09:30 (standard) and UTC+10:30 (daylight saving).

**What international relationships and recognitions does Adelaide have?**
Adelaide has been a UNESCO City of Music since 2015 and maintains sister-city relationships with Rio de Janeiro, Christchurch, Himeji, George Town, Ferrol, Dalian (since 2001), and Zapopan. It is featured in numerous international encyclopedias and gazetteers.

**What climate records has Adelaide experienced?**
Adelaide's maximum temperature record is 47.7°C, recorded on January 24, 2019. Its minimum temperature record is -0.4°C, recorded on June 8, 1982.

## Why It Matters
Adelaide holds significant importance as the administrative, cultural, and economic center of South Australia. As a planned city designed by William Light, it represents a unique example of colonial urban planning. Its designation as a UNESCO City of Music since 2015 highlights its global cultural influence. The city's consistent population growth—from 1,225,235 in 2011 to over 1.38 million in 2021—demonstrates its ongoing relevance as a major Australian metropolitan area. Its extensive network of sister-city relationships and its inclusion in major global encyclopedias and databases underscore its international standing and connectivity.

## Notable For
- Being a planned city designed by William Light in 1836
- Serving as the capital of South Australia for nearly two centuries
- Holding UNESCO City of Music status since 2015
- Having a maximum temperature record of 47.7°C (2019)
- Being home to 19 local government administrative areas
- Having a Greater Adelaide population exceeding 1.38 million people
- Being named after Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen

## Body

### Governance and Administration
Adelaide functions as the capital city of South Australia, a status it has held since its founding on December 28, 1836. The city is led by Lord Mayor Jane Lomax-Smith, who assumed office in 2022. The metropolitan area is administratively divided into 19 local government areas: Adelaide, Adelaide Hills, Burnside, Campbelltown, Charles Sturt, Gawler, Holdfast Bay, Marion, Mitcham, Norwood Payneham and St Peters, Onkaparinga, Playford, Port Adelaide Enfield, Prospect, Salisbury, Tea Tree Gully, Unley, Walkerville, and West Torrens. The official languages are Australian English and Auslan (Australian Sign Language). The city's postal code is 5000.

### Geography and Climate
Adelaide is situated at coordinates -34.9275° latitude and 138.6° longitude. The city covers an area of 1,295 square kilometres and has an elevation of just 1 metre above sea level. Adelaide operates on UTC+09:30 during standard time and UTC+10:30 during daylight saving time. The city has recorded extreme temperatures, with a maximum of 47.7°C on January 24, 2019, and a minimum of -0.4°C on June 8, 1982.

### Population and Demographics
The city has experienced steady population growth over the past decade. According to Australian Census data, the population of the Greater Capital City Statistical Area was 1,225,235 in 2011, growing to 1,295,714 in 2016, and reaching 1,387,290 in 2021. The urban centre and locality population in 2021 was 1,245,011.

### International Relations and Cultural Status
Adelaide was designated a UNESCO City of Music in 2015 as part of the Creative Cities Network. The city maintains sister-city (twinning) relationships with seven international cities: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Christchurch (New Zealand), Himeji (Japan), George Town (Malaysia), Ferrol (Spain), Dalian (China, since June 2, 2001), and Zapopan (Mexico).

### History and Naming
The city was officially founded on December 28, 1836, and was designed by William Light. It was named after Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen. From its founding until December 31, 1900, Adelaide was under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. On January 1, 1901, it became part of the Commonwealth of Australia.

### Digital and Social Media Presence
Adelaide maintains an active digital presence. The City of Adelaide operates official accounts on Twitter (@CityofAdelaide, verified, with 97,621 followers as of 2020), Facebook (CityofAdelaide), Instagram (cityofadelaide), LinkedIn (cityofadelaide), and YouTube (cityofadelaideofficial). The city has a dedicated subreddit (r/Adelaide) with an English-speaking community established on June 30, 2009. As of February 6, 2023, the city's social media following stood at 98,778.

### Transport and Identification Codes
Adelaide is identified by several international codes and systems: UN/LOCODE AUADL, IATA code ADL (implied via UN/LOCODE), WOEID 1099805, Geonames ID 2078025, and OpenStreetMap relation ID 11381689. The city's local dialling codes range from 08700 to 08849, covering numerous exchanges across the metropolitan area.

### External Recognition and Databases
Adelaide is catalogued in a vast array of international databases and encyclopedias, including VIAF ID 261897860, GND ID 4079623-1, Library of Congress Authority ID n80037938, BNF ID 15238872t, Encyclopædia Britannica (place/Adelaide), Treccani (adelaide), and many others. It appears in historical encyclopedias such as the 11th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica, Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, and the Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. The city is also indexed in modern systems like Google Arts & Culture (m0mgp), Wolfram Language Entity, and has Wikipedia articles in over 200 languages.

## References

1. archINFORM
2. [Source](http://www.wb.dl.gov.cn/index.php/home/index/news_list/id/890/column_id/2.html)
3. BnF authorities
4. Virtual International Authority File
5. [Source](https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/adelaide)
6. Telecommunications Numbering Plan 2015
7. Or mes2be sch :  mes2besch zoom Section: Part J—Charging Zones
8. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
9. MusicBrainz
10. Greater Adelaide. Australian Statistical Geography Standard 2021
11. Australian Statistical Geography Standard 2021
12. Flickr Shapefiles Public Dataset 2.0
13. GeoNames
14. BabelNet
15. YouTube API
16. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)
17. [iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/places/inaturalist-places.csv.zip)