# Actuator Fault Estimation Based on Proportional–Integral Observer for Delayed Continuous-Time Switched Systems

> Research article (Circuits Systems and Signal Processing, 2019) · cited 17× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2915461688](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2915461688)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/actuator-fault-estimation-based-on-proportionalintegral-observer-for-delayed-continuous-time-switched-systems