# A zero watermarking approach for content authentication and tampering detection of Arabic text based on fourth level order and word mechanism of Markov model

> Research article (Journal of Information Security and Applications, 2020) · cited 23× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3015768081](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3015768081)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/a-zero-watermarking-approach-for-content-authentication-and-tampering-detection-of-arabic-text-based-on-fourth-level-ord