# A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

> Indian scientist and statesman (1931–2015)

**Wikidata**: [Q9513](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9513)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/a-p-j-abdul-kalam

## Summary
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was an Indian scientist and statesman who lived from 1931 to 2015. He is renowned for his contributions to aerospace engineering and politics, as well as for his role as a teacher and author of the autobiography *Wings of Fire*.

## Biography
- **Born:** October 15, 1931
- **Nationality:** India (also historically the Dominion of India)
- **Education:** St Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli; University of Madras; Oakland University
- **Known for:** Aerospace engineering, politics, science, and poetry
- **Employer(s):** Affiliated with St Joseph's College, University of Madras, and Oakland University
- **Field(s):** Aerospace engineering, aerospace industry, science, politics

## Contributions
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam authored the autobiographical work *Wings of Fire* in 1999 alongside Arun Tiwari. He was involved in the development of the BrahMos-II, a hypersonic cruise missile currently being developed by India and Russia. His legacy extends to natural history, with a species of fish named *Horaglanis abdulkalami* honoring him. He contributed to the fields of aerospace engineering, science, and politics, and engaged in poetry and teaching throughout his career.

## FAQs
**What awards did A. P. J. Abdul Kalam receive?**
He received India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, as well as the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Hoover Medal, and the NSS Wernher Von Braun Memorial Award.

**Where did A. P. J. Abdul Kalam receive his education?**
He studied at St Joseph's College in Tiruchirappalli, the University of Madras, and Oakland University in the United States.

**What is A. P. J. Abdul Kalam known for writing?**
He is known for the 1999 autobiographical work *Wings of Fire*, which he co-wrote with Arun Tiwari.

**What were A. P. J. Abdul Kalam's primary fields of work?**
He worked in aerospace engineering, the aerospace industry, science, and politics.

**What species is named after A. P. J. Abdul Kalam?**
A species of fish known as *Horaglanis abdulkalami* is named after him.

## Why They Matter
Kalam's work in aerospace engineering, particularly on projects like the BrahMos-II hypersonic cruise missile, highlights his technical contributions to India's defense capabilities. As a statesman and politician, he played a significant role in Indian governance and policy. His literary contribution, *Wings of Fire*, serves as an inspirational autobiographical account. The numerous awards he received, including the Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhushan, underscore his national and international impact. The naming of a fish species after him signifies his lasting influence on science and nature.

## Notable For
- Receiving the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award.
- Receiving the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award.
- Receiving the Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian award.
- Winning the Hoover Medal, an American engineering prize.
- Winning the NSS Wernher Von Braun Memorial Award.
- Authoring the 1999 autobiography *Wings of Fire*.
- Involvement in the development of the BrahMos-II hypersonic cruise missile.
- Having a species of fish, *Horaglanis abdulkalami*, named after him.
- Occupations as a scientist, statesman, politician, engineer, teacher, and aerospace engineer.

## Body

### Identity and Personal Details
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, also known by the aliases Abdul Kalam, Kalam, A.P.J Abdul Kalam, A P J Abdul Kalam, Abul Pakiz Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, APJ Abdul Kalam, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam, and APJ, was an Indian scientist and statesman. Born on October 15, 1931, he passed away on July 27, 2015. His full name is Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam. He was a human, a member of the species Homo sapiens.

### Nationality and Citizenship
Kalam held citizenship in India and the Dominion of India. India is a sovereign state and country in South Asia, known for its rich cultural heritage, diverse population, and significant historical and economic influence. It became an independent nation on August 15, 1947, and is the world's seventh-largest country by area, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion people. The Dominion of India refers to the period of Indian history between 1947 and 1950.

### Education and Academic Affiliations
Kalam was educated at several prominent institutions. He attended St Joseph's College in Tiruchirappalli, an Indian Jesuit college established in 1844. He also studied at the University of Madras, a state public university in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, which was established in 1857. Additionally, he was affiliated with Oakland University, a public research university located in Rochester Hills, Michigan, USA. Founded in 1957, Oakland University is a prominent academic institution offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs, known for its research activities and classified as a doctoral university with moderate research activity. As of 2020, the university had an endowment of $118,116,792, employed 2,434 people, and enrolled 18,169 students with an admission rate of 81%.

### Professional Occupations and Fields
Throughout his career, Kalam held various occupations including scientist, statesman, politician, engineer, teacher, and aerospace engineer. His work spanned multiple fields:
- **Aerospace Engineering:** A branch of engineering and a profession focused on the development of aircraft and spacecraft.
- **Aerospace Industry:** The type of industry involved in manufacturing aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft.
- **Science:** A systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge, encompassing natural sciences, social sciences, and formal sciences. Science is practiced through the scientific method and is distinct from pseudoscience.
- **Politics:** Activities associated with group decisions, including governance, policy-making, and the exercise of power within organized groups.
- **Poetry:** A literary style characterized by a strong expressiveness of words, often used to convey emotions, ideas, and experiences through rhythmic language.
- **Teaching:** The act of helping others to acquire knowledge, competences, or values.

### Notable Works and Projects
One of Kalam's most significant literary contributions is *Wings of Fire*, a 1999 autobiographical work co-authored with Arun Tiwari. In the field of defense technology, he was associated with the BrahMos-II, a hypersonic cruise missile currently being developed by India and Russia.

### Awards and Recognition
Kalam received numerous awards recognizing his contributions to science and engineering:
- **Bharat Ratna:** India's highest civilian award.
- **Padma Vibhushan:** The second-highest civilian award of the Republic of India.
- **Padma Bhushan:** The third-highest civilian award of India.
- **Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering:** An Indian award specifically recognizing contributions in these fields.
- **H K Firodia awards:** Indian science and technology awards.
- **Om Prakash Bhasin Award:** An Indian award for excellence in science and technology.
- **Hoover Medal:** An American engineering prize established in 1930.
- **King Charles II Medal:** A notable recognition.
- **NSS Wernher Von Braun Memorial Award:** An American spaceflight award established in 1993.

### Legacy and Namesakes
Kalam's legacy is preserved in various forms, including the naming of a species of fish, *Horaglanis abdulkalami*, in his honor. His official profile is hosted by the Government of India at abdulkalam.nic.in.

### Archival and Bibliographic Identifiers
Kalam is cataloged in numerous databases and archival systems with the following identifiers:
- **ISNI:** 0000000081281158
- **VIAF:** 49404258
- **GND:** 124468047
- **LCCN:** n98925888
- **BNF:** 13756488m
- **SUDOC:** 061027200
- **BNE:** DA1377646X
- **IMDb:** nm1527897
- **NDL:** 01087382
- **Commons:** Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
- **Babel:** TO0V664419
- **NLA:** 41505655
- **NLI:** 149930341
- **SBN:** 004940823
- **Audio:** AbdulKalam.ogg
- **NLA (former):** 326558217
- **BIBSYS:** 131/000024059
- **ICCU:** a11179582
- **LNB:** 281936227
- **B6K:** 00000024157
- **RERO:** 0276988
- **PLWABN:** 1440106
- **BNF (former):** 000249375
- **Britannica:** biography/A-P-J-Abdul-Kalam
- **Tamil Name:** அவுல் பகிர் ஜைனுலாப்தீன் அப்துல் கலாம்
- **Hindi Name:** डॉक्टर अवुल पकिर जैनुलाब्दीन अब्दुल कलाम
- **FAST:** 425271
- **MusicBrainz:** 40b45484-7ab3-4a31-bc94-91f056c526dc, fcba3034-a1cf-489d-9fd8-df65fb3a9c8e
- **FamilySearch:** Marakkar-1
- **NLA (another):** 986042
- **BNE (another):** A017529184
- **YouTube:** abdul-kalam
- **Quora:** A-P-J-Abdul-Kalam
- **Wikipedia:** Abdul_Kalam
- **RSL:** kalam-avul-pakir-jainulabdeen-a-p-j-abdul
- **BnF:** KAC200902737
- **VIAF (another):** AbdulKalamAPJ(AvulPakirJainulabdeen)1931-2015
- **NUKAT:** 3124
- **VIAF (another):** abdul-kalam
- **Wikipedia (others):** apj-abdul-kalam, a-p-j-abdul-kalam-5, a-p-j-abdul-kalam-4
- **Freebase:** 0gy3f
- **RERO (another):** 3919124
- **Wikipedia (another):** a-p-j-abdul-kalam
- **LNB (another):** LNB:CtbU;=B+
- **NKC:** ncf11935550
- **VIAF (another):** 987007373474905171
- **Wikipedia (another):** A.P.J._Abdul_Kalam
- **KBR:** 35605
- **Wikipedia (another):** a-p-j-abdul-kalam
- **VIAF (another):** 981058526218806706
- **NLA (another):** a10000017
- **BIBSYS (another):** 17696
- **DNB:** Q9513
- **BNE (another):** 67670
- **VIAF (another):** E39PBJkTdTRgtvvyqdmYVBtHYP
- **VIAF (another):** 1140000791703479552
- **VIAF (another):** 981058526218806706
- **Wikipedia (another):** abdul-kalam
- **LNB (another):** 558816
- **VIAF (another):** person/dd4e91c7-1c46-4042-8c7a-d81d6dc09a2c
- **Library of Congress:** 580519, 2583, 189001, 510726, 552749, 578244, 580520, 1601145, 1552619, 1543509, 1538477, 1537160, 1535861, 1489509, 1488952, 1453865, 1441784, 1441781, 1439724, 1435180, 1432047, 1430981, 1428478, 1417024, 1416468, 1403550, 1403547, 1400184, 1397323, 1395979, 1393422, 1390774, 1383352, 1365233, 1318171, 1316590, 1315335, 1314481, 1300706, 1290147, 1289241, 820243, 1498957, 1276808

## References

1. [President APJ Abdul Kalam Dies at 83](https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-president-apj-abdul-kalam-admitted-to-icu-in-shillong-sources-1201111)
2. BnF authorities
3. [Dr APJ Abdul Kalam, From India's missile man to "people's" President](https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/people/dr-apj-abdul-kalam-from-indias-missile-man-to-peoples-president/from-indias-missile-man-to-peoples-prez/slideshow/48247330.cms)
4. Integrated Authority File
5. [Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Biography](https://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/government-politics/a-p-j-abdul-kalam.html)
6. [A Nationwide Quest To Select AK-EDUSAT TEAM](http://www.abdulkalam.com/kalam/theme/jsp/guest/index.jsp)
7. [Education details of Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam - Careerindia](https://www.careerindia.com/news/2013/10/15/education-details-of-dr-a-p-j-abdul-kalam-007012.html)
8. Czech National Authority Database
9. [Abdul Kalam, Indian aeronautical engineer and president, 1931-2015](https://www.ft.com/content/b275a0a8-36b7-11e5-bdbb-35e55cbae175)
10. [Source](https://www.news18.com/news/india/apj-abdul-kalams-list-of-awards-and-honours-1026484.html)
11. [Source](https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kalam-leaves-on-two-nation-tour/articleshow/1949281.cms?from=mdr)
12. International Standard Name Identifier
13. Virtual International Authority File
14. CiNii Research
15. [Source](http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/28/world/asia/apj-abdul-kalam-ex-president-who-pushed-a-nuclear-india-dies-at-83.html)
16. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
17. Find a Grave
18. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
19. Munzinger Personen
20. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
21. Open Library
22. [1999](https://www.biography.com/people/apj-abdul-kalam-39325)
23. CONOR.SI
24. [Source](https://www.happycow.net/vegtopics/famous/abdul_kalam_dr)
25. Goodreads
26. Quora
27. [A. P. J. Abdul Kalam MBTI Personality Type: INTP](https://www.personality-database.com/profile/67670/a-p-j-abdul-kalam-governmentasia-mbti-personality-type)
28. Catalogo of the National Library of India