# A Novel Model for the Time Dependent Competitive Vehicle Routing Problem: Modified Random Topology Particle Swarm Optimization

> Research article (Networks and Spatial Economics, 2017) · cited 19× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2755913316](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2755913316)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/a-novel-model-for-the-time-dependent-competitive-vehicle-routing-problem-modified-random-topology-particle-swarm-optimiz