# A hierarchical guidance strategy assisted fruit fly optimization algorithm with cooperative learning mechanism

> Research article (Expert Systems with Applications, 2021) · cited 21× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3169787383](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3169787383)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/a-hierarchical-guidance-strategy-assisted-fruit-fly-optimization-algorithm-with-cooperative-learning-mechanism