# A framework for evaluating clinical artificial intelligence systems without ground-truth annotations

> Research article (Nature Communications, 2024) · cited 18× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4392237966](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4392237966)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/a-framework-for-evaluating-clinical-artificial-intelligence-systems-without-ground-truth-annotations