# A comprehensive survey of Vision–Language Models: Pretrained models, fine-tuning, prompt engineering, adapters, and benchmark datasets

> Research article (Information Fusion, 2025) · cited 12× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4413655311](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4413655311)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/a-comprehensive-survey-of-visionlanguage-models-pretrained-models-fine-tuning-prompt-engineering-adapters-and-benchmark-